Small outbursts into big disasters: Earthquakes exacerbate climate-driven cascade processes of the glacial lakes failure in the Himalayas

Chen, Ningsheng; Liu, Mei; Allen, Simon; Deng, Mingfeng; Khanal, Narendra Raj; Peng, Taixin; Tian, Shufeng; Huggel, Christian; Wu, Kanglin; Rahman, Mohd Tadza Abdul; Somos‐Valenzuela, Marcelo

doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2022.108539

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Because of their high discharge and entrainment capacity, GLOFs are typically known for carrying large boulders and mobilizing large amounts of sediment which can greatly modify channel morphology (Cook et al, 2018;Nativ et al, 2022)**. For example, the 2016 GLOF from Gongbatongsha Co in central Himalaya, with a discharge volume about of 1.1 × 10 5 m 3 , changed channel morphology up to 40 km downstream and widened channel width up to 12 m at some cross sections (Cook et al, 2018, Chen et al 2023. Likewise, the 1994 Lugge Tsho GLOF also changed channel morphology for up to 25 km downstream (Maurer et al, 2020), while debris deposits were evident as far as 200 km downstream (Watanbe and Daniel, 1996).…”

Section: Glof Modelling Approach and Uncertaintymentioning

confidence: 99%

GLOF hazard, exposure, vulnerability, and risk assessment of potentially dangerous glacial lakes in the Bhutan Himalaya

Rinzin

Zhang

Sattar

et al. 2023

Journal of Hydrology

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Section: Glof Modelling Approach and Uncertaintymentioning

confidence: 99%

GLOF hazard, exposure, vulnerability, and risk assessment of potentially dangerous glacial lakes in the Bhutan Himalaya

Rinzin

Zhang

Sattar

et al. 2023

Journal of Hydrology

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“…The geo-tectonically active, fragile mountainous landscape and rainfall extremes under changing climates engenderer slope instability, excessive runoff, soil erosion, landslides, and destructive scouring, flooding, and sedimentation in the valleys and plain areas damaging roads and constraining transportation (N. Chen et al, 2023;Dahal, 2022;Li et al, 2022;Tiwari, 2000). This implicates eco-engineering policies and practices for infrastructure development and land use system (Gobinath et al, 2022; with minimal disturbance to land and natural drainage systems such as ropeways (Magar, 2016), micro-hydropower (Hussain et al, 2019), and eco-cultural conservation-based development (Baral et al, 2007;ICOMOS, 2021;Schröder et al, 2020;Stronza et al, 2022) and localized, sovereign food systems (Béné, 2020;Canfield et al, 2021) to minimize risky transports and food in security.…”

Section: Nepal's Geophysical and Socioeconomic Realities And Their Po...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Promote diversified endogenous circular economy and food sufficiency approach to development; contextual integration of cleaner locally available and renewable energy options to replace import of fossil fuel, while reducing wastes and hazards (Corral et al, 2022;Grechyna, 2021;Khatri & Paija, 2021;Malla, 2022;Neupane et al, 2022;Papangelou & Mathijs, 2021;Raihan & Tuspekova, 2022;K. Rijal et al, 1991;Schröder et al, 2020;Suman, 2021 (Baral et al, 2007;Béné, 2020;Canfield et al, 2021;N. Chen et al, 2023;Dahal, 2022;Gobinath et al, 2022;Hussain et al, 2019;ICOMOS, 2021;Li et al, 2022;Magar, 2016;Schröder et al, 2020;Stronza et al, 2022;Tiwari, 2000; The abundance of ecological diversity Availability of diverse natural food, medicines, bio-pesticides, fodder and pasture, animal bedding materials, handicraft materials, pasture and timber resources for ecologically adaptive livelihood systems Devise policy measures incentivising community-based conservation and sustainable utilization of the resources (Fonzen & Oberholzer, 1985;Perfecto et al, 2019;Rajbhandari, 2017;Rhoades & Thompson, 1975;Willett, 1993) Cultural and agroecosystems diversity Differential combination of crop and animal species and land races, seasonality, land use patterns, non-farm activities, feast and festivals, food ingredients and preparations Diversity-based integrated agriculture embedded in indigenous food culture, preserving and promoting indigenous knowledge (Fonzen & Oberholzer, 1985;…”

Section: High Transaction Costs and Volatility In International Tradementioning

confidence: 99%

Agroecological Approach to Agricultural Sustainability, Food Sovereignty And Endogenous Circular Economy

Khanal

Thapa

2023

Nep. Pub. Pol. Rev.

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The resource over-exploitative, waste-burdening, linear developmental model has transgressed the planetary safe operating limits of the earth systems engendering climatic emergencies and also exacerbated socioeconomic imbalances. The only way of mitigating these planetary and social crises is to formulate and strictly enact ecofriendly, resource recycling, circular economic, equitable, decentralized and peoples´ participatory developmental policies and practices. The objective of this review is to contribute to the discourse on transformative agriculture-centred, circular economic policies and practices that foster nature-based solutions and prudent extraction, use, re-use, and recycling of resources while minimizing waste and environmental externalities. The review highlights Nepal’s geophysical, agroecological and socioeconomic realities, their manifestations and policy implications. It also explores how past development policies have been mismatched with these realities, eroding the indigenous resource bases and knowledge systems, and thereby, disrupting the agriculture-based, self-reliant, and food sovereign livelihoods systems. The article argues that agroecology, as a science, practice and movement envisions a nature-based, circular economic and socially just transformative pathway towards sustainable agri-food systems embracing food sufficiency, safety and sovereignty. This pathway contributes to healthy people, healthy animals and healthy ecosystems, hence strengthening the vision of One Health. Building on the agroecological perspectives, this article presents the resynthesized eight operational elements referred to as “8-S-elements” for agroecological transformation. These elements pertain to the prudent management of space (S1), species (S2), seeds (S3), soils (S4), seasonality (S5) and stress factors (S6) through the synergistic integration of agroecosystems and livelihood systems components (S7) with socioeconomic rationality (S8). In the Nepalese context, as an agriculture-based economy, agri-food and livelihoods are viewed as complementary facets. This study recommends the transformative policy options based on the principles of ecological stewardship and socioeconomic objectivity.

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“…With reliefs that considerably increase the potential for erosion, the long, steep slopes of the high Alpine mountains can produce an acceleration and amplification of morphogenic processes [6,7]. Due to the existence of a bioclimatic gradient, these processes follow one another along the slope or even combine to affect not only the slopes but also sometimes the valley floors [8,9], often following torrential channels. High mountain environments are thus characterised by an exacerbation of the morphogenic system, which is further reinforced by global warming [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Taconnaz Rockfall (Mont-Blanc Massif, European Alps) of November 2018: A Complex and At-Risk Rockwall-Glacier-Torrent Morphodynamic Continuum

Ravanel,

Duvillard,

Astrade

et al. 2023

Applied Sciences

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The glacial and torrential basin of Taconnaz (Mont-Blanc massif, France) dominates the Chamonix valley. It is one of the major paths for snow avalanches in the Alps, often triggered by serac falls from the Taconnaz glacier. On 24 November 2018, the basin’s multi-risk nature was further accentuated by a new type of hazard with a rockfall triggered at c. 2700 m a.s.l. It travelled down over a distance of 1.85 km and stopped 165 m away from the construction site of a micro-hydroelectric power station. We studied the triggering conditions at the permafrost lower limit, the effects of the supra-glacial path on the flow patterns, and the fate of the scar and the deposit on torrential activity. By comparing a pre-event Structure from Motion model with a post-event LiDAR model, we estimated the volume of the scar to be 42,900 m3 (±5%). A numerical model was employed to simulate the rapid runout. It revealed the complexity of the flow, attributed to the sequestration of a part of the deposit in crevasses, the incorporation of a significant volume of ice resulting in a transition from a dry granular flow to a mud-like flow, and the presence of numerous deposit zones. Subsequent monitoring of the area after the event allowed for the documentation of the scar’s evolution, including a landslide, as well as the progressive degradation and evacuation of the deposit by the torrent without producing debris flow. The study of the triggering factors indicated glacial retreat as the probable main cause, assisted by the melting of ice lenses left by the permafrost disappearance. Finally, we present replicable methods for managing risks at the site following the event. This event improves the understanding of cascading processes that increasingly impact Alpine areas in the context of climate change.

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Small outbursts into big disasters: Earthquakes exacerbate climate-driven cascade processes of the glacial lakes failure in the Himalayas

Cited by 10 publications

References 44 publications

GLOF hazard, exposure, vulnerability, and risk assessment of potentially dangerous glacial lakes in the Bhutan Himalaya

GLOF hazard, exposure, vulnerability, and risk assessment of potentially dangerous glacial lakes in the Bhutan Himalaya

Agroecological Approach to Agricultural Sustainability, Food Sovereignty And Endogenous Circular Economy

The Taconnaz Rockfall (Mont-Blanc Massif, European Alps) of November 2018: A Complex and At-Risk Rockwall-Glacier-Torrent Morphodynamic Continuum

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