Small scale fisheries in Europe: A comparative analysis based on a selection of case studies

Abstract

Full text: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00118/22934/20757.pdf (Version "auteur", 0.44 Mo)International audienceSmall-scale fisheries have traditionally received less research effort than large-scale fisheries and are generally under-studied in Europe. In spite of their comparatively low volume of catches and economic importance, small-scale fisheries are socially important and an integral part of the European coastal zone. Considering the high heterogeneity of situations and the paucity of quantitative data, we used an analytical methodology based on the comparative method. We carried out an analysis of small-scale fisheries (SSFs) in Europe based on a selection of nine case studies. Our objective was to obtain a comprehensive description of small-scale fleets covering different areas/fisheries/species, encompassing the diversity and specific conditions under which SSFs operate, in order to demonstrate the ecological and social sustainability of this often overlooked fisheries segment. A common approach formulated so that the case studies could be compared with the case histories of other competing users, required that for each set of criteria - technical, biological, socio-economic, and institutional - a set of relevant items and indicators was established. An analysis of characteristics common to the selected case studies is conducted and an attempt made to extend our comparisons to the whole of the European Union. Our results show that (as compared with large-scale fleets, their main competitor) small-scale fleets: (i) are composed of smaller vessels and, consequently, travel lower distances to fishing grounds, and are more reliant on coastal areas; (ii) have smaller crews (although the global employment figure is similar to that of large-scale fleets in Europe); (iii) use mostly, but not exclusively, passive gears; (iv) use multi-purpose fishing approaches, and can change the fish species they target during the year; (v) have lower extraction rates; (vi) have lower total capital investments (including fishing rights), turnover and costs; and (vii) have lower fuel consumption, making them less sensitive to changing oil prices. Dependence on subsidies is lower (viii). Involvement in fisheries management is variable, conservation and access regulation measures are largely local in origin. For the selected case studies, the most significant competitors are large-scale fleets, and recreational fisheries, but other sources of interaction (water quality, invasive species, etc.) cannot be ignored

Harvest Strategies for an Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management in Western Mediterranean Demersal Fisheries

“…In spite of representing the 85% of EU fleets (European Commission, 2014), SSF are under-represented, or directly neglected, in fisheries assessment and management agendas at national and supranational levels (e.g., Guyader et al, 2013). In the Myfish project, we have included a first in-depth analysis of the SSF from the Balearic Islands using data from official statistics (Quetglas et al, 2016), which are known to be underestimated in the Mediterranean owing to unreported catches Pauly et al, 2014).…”

TOTAL FAKTOR PRODUKTIVITAS DAN INDEKS INSTABILITAS PERIKANAN TANGKAP: Kasus di Pelabuhan Ratu, Jawa Barat

“…Kajian dengan hasil sama dilakukan oleh Zeller et al (2007) yang dilakukan di negeranegara Samoa dan Guam, yang menyatakan bahwa hasil tangkapan sebenarnya lebih dari 2,5 kali data (statistik) resmi. Perikanan skala kecil di Eropa mempunyai karakteristik yang dicirikan (Guyader et al, 2013) (i) terdiri dari kapal-kapal yang lebih kecil sehingga jarak jelajahnya pendek hanya di wilayah pesisir; ( ii) memiliki awak kapal (ABK) lebih kecil (meskipun angka tenaga kerja secara total mirip dengan armada besar di Eropa), (iii) sebagian besar menggunakan alat tangkap pasif, (iv) menggunakan pendekatan multi-tujuan, dan dapat mengubah ikan yang menjadi target; (v) memiliki rendemen yang lebih rendah, (vi) memiliki jumlah investasi, modal, omset dan biaya yang lebih rendah (termasuk hak-hak nelayan), (vii) memiliki konsumsi bahan bakar yang lebih rendah, sehingga kurang sensitif terhadap perubahan harga BBM, dan (viii) ketergantungan pada subsidi lebih rendah.…”

Application of a multi-annual generalized depletion model to the assessment of a data-limited coastal fishery in the western Mediterranean

“…However, small-scale fishing in the Mediterranean sea, and in Europe in general, is important from the socio-economic point of view: for instance, vessels <12 m LOA comprise 84% (or 70000 units) of the EU25 fishing fleet and provide ca. 100000 direct jobs, corresponding to 53% of the employment in the fishing sector (Guyader et al 2013).…”

“…In small-scale Mediterranean fisheries, data are often not suitable for standard stock assessment methods because of incomplete monitoring, related both to the high diversity of small-scale fisheries (in terms of fishing gears and target species, Guyader et al 2013) and the low quantity of production. Small-scale fisheries have local socio-economic importance, however, and their impact on coastal resources must be evaluated to help diagnose the status of these fisheries and take management initiatives leading to their sustainable exploitation.…”