Smaller hippocampal volume in Dutch police officers with posttraumatic stress disorder

Lindauer, Ramón; Vlieger, Erik-Jan; Jalink, Margje; Olff, Miranda; Carlier, Ingrid V. E.; Majoie, Charles B. L. M.; Heeten, Gerard J. den; Gersons, Berthold P. R.

doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.05.021

Cited by 167 publications

(126 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…81 In this updated review of morphometric MRI studies of anxiety disorders, we have once again verified that PTSD remains as the anxiety disorder most extensively investigated by structural neuroimaging over the last five years. In agreement with our previous review, 10 the main morphological feature detected in this disorder is a reduction of the hippocampus, [22][23][24][25][26][27] although with some degree of disagreement among studies regarding laterality and even the presence of changes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…[22][23][24][25][26][27] However, as shown in our previous review, 10 there is also some disagreement about laterality 21,[28][29][30] and even about the presence of this reduction, 13,[31][32][33][34] in both ROI and VBM-based studies. These contrasting findings, in addition to being due to possible neurobiological abnormalities, may also be due to methodological limitations such as differences in the selection of the hippocampus by manual methods.…”

Section: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (Ptsd)mentioning

confidence: 83%

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Structural magnetic ressonance imaging in anxiety disorders: an update of research findings

Ferrari

Busatto

McGuire

et al. 2008

Rev. Bras. Psiquiatr.

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Objective: The aim of the present report is to present a systematic and critical review of the more recent literature data about structural abnormalities detected by magnetic ressonance in anxiety disorders. Method: A review of the literature in the last five years was conducted by a search of the Medline, Lilacs and SciELO indexing services using the following key words : "anxiety", "panic", "agoraphobia", "social anxiety", "posttraumatic" and "obsessive-compulsive", crossed one by one with "magnetic resonance", "voxel-based", "ROI" and "morphometry palavras-chave: "anxiety", "panic", "agoraphobia", "social anxiety", "posttraumatic" e "obsessive-compulsive" cruzadas uma a uma com "magnetic ressonance", "voxel-based", "ROI" e "morphometry

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (Ptsd)mentioning

confidence: 83%

Structural magnetic ressonance imaging in anxiety disorders: an update of research findings

Ferrari

Busatto

McGuire

et al. 2008

Rev. Bras. Psiquiatr.

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“…Several studies have demonstrated that PTSD patients have reduced volumes of one or another of the structures (for reviews, see Nemeroff et al, 2006;Nutt & Malizia, 2004). Most work has demonstrated reduced hippocampal volumes (e.g., Bremner, Mletzko, et al, 2005;Lindauer et al, 2004Lindauer et al, , 2005Lindauer, Olff, Meijel, Carlier, & Gersons, 2006;Vermetten, Vythilingam, Southwick, Charney, & Bremner, 2003;Vythilingam et al, 2005). Two meta-analyses (Kitayama, Vaccarino, Kutner, Weiss, & Bremner, 2005;Smith, 2005) of 9 and 13 studies comprising 138 and 215 PTSD patients and 201 and 325 controls, respectively, both reported bilateral hippocampal volume reductions.…”

Section: General Qualities Of the Amphac Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disturbed dreaming, posttraumatic stress disorder, and affect distress: A review and neurocognitive model.

Levin

Nielsen

2007

Psychological Bulletin

527

557

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Nightmares are common, occurring weekly in 4%-10% of the population, and are associated with female gender, younger age, increased stress, psychopathology, and dispositional traits. Nightmare pathogenesis remains unexplained, as do differences between nontraumatic and posttraumatic nightmares (for those with or without posttraumatic stress disorder) and relations with waking functioning. No models adequately explain nightmares nor have they been reconciled with recent developments in cognitive neuroscience, fear acquisition, and emotional memory. The authors review the recent literature and propose a conceptual framework for understanding a spectrum of dysphoric dreaming. Central to this is the notion that variations in nightmare prevalence, frequency, severity, and psychopathological comorbidity reflect the influence of both affect load, a consequence of daily variations in emotional pressure, and affect distress, a disposition to experience events with distressing, highly reactive emotions. In a cross-state, multilevel model of dream function and nightmare production, the authors integrate findings on emotional memory structures and the brain correlates of emotion.Keywords: nightmares, distress, neurophysiology of fear memory, posttraumatic stress disorder, psychopathology Nightmares are the most common form of disturbed dreaming. Vivid, with emotions escalating at times to the brink of terror, they are manifestations of the dramatic autonomic and cognitive fluctuations that can arise during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and, under certain circumstances, during Stage 2 sleep. Nightmares can be simple and benign or so emotionally severe that they beg for comparison with psychotic episodes (C. Fisher, Byrne, Edwards, & Kahn, 1970;Hartmann, 1984;Sullivan, 1962). Occasional nightmares are almost ubiquitous in the general population. However, frequent distressing nightmares are more common than generally thought, affecting 4%-10% of individuals by conservative estimates. Nightmares are also extremely common following trauma exposure. Posttraumatic nightmares may depict traumarelated content and, in cases of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), may at times replicate the trauma with great distress (for review, see Mellman & Pigeon, 2005).There has been a proliferation of experimental work on posttraumatic and nontraumatic nightmares in the past 15 years, the vast majority of which has examined the psychopathological correlates of individuals with frequent nightmares. Furthermore, recent advances in neuroscience have greatly expanded our understanding of dreaming and related brain functions (Maquet, 2000;Maquet et al., 2000) as well as the pathogenic mechanisms implicated in fear conditioning and the development of PTSD (LeDoux, 2000;Ohman & Mineka, 2001). However, despite the clear implications of these developments for understanding nightmares, there are still no comprehensive models of nightmare etiology and no conceptual frameworks for understanding the link between posttraumatic and nontraumatic nightm...

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“…Hippocampal volume is reduced in patients with longstanding depression (Campbell et al, 2004;Videbech and Ravnkilde, 2004) and severe, unremitting post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD; Bremner et al, 1995Bremner et al, , 1997Gilbertson et al, 2002;Gurvits et al, 1996;Lindauer et al, 2004;Stein et al, 1997;Villarreal et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a number of cases, such trait factors indeed had a significant influence on hippocampal volume (eg, De Bellis et al, 2002;Fennema-Notestine et al, 2002;Gurvits et al, 1996;Lindauer et al, 2004;MacQueen et al, 2003;Rusch et al, 2001;Villarreal et al, 2002). While this approach cannot provide mechanistic information, it can 'refine' a diagnosis with the help of theoretically and operationally better defined entities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anxiety and Hippocampus Volume in the Rat

Kalisch

Schubert

Jacob

et al. 2005

Neuropsychopharmacol

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In depressed patients as well as healthy controls, a positive relationship between hippocampal volume and trait anxiety has been reported. This study sought to explore the possible inter-relation between hippocampal volume and trait anxiety further. Magnetic resonance imaging at 7 T was used to measure hippocampal volumes in a rat model of extremes in trait anxiety (experiment 1) and in a Wistar population with normal anxiety-related behavior (experiment 2). In addition to anxiety-related behavior, potentially confounding factors (depression-like, exploratory, and locomotor behavior) were assessed. Experiment 1 globally supported the hypothesis of a positive relationship between hippocampus volume and trait anxiety but did not allow for ruling out possible confounds arising from cosegregation of other behavioral traits. Experiment 2 yielded strong evidence for a negative relationship which was specific for trait anxiety. Thus, the relationship between hippocampal volume and anxiety may be more complex than expected. Interestingly, anxietyrelated behavior in experiment 2 had a stronger influence on hippocampal volume than depression-like behavior. In the light of hippocampal volume loss in anxiety disorder and frequent comorbidity of anxiety and depression, this finding suggests that further research into the relationship between anxiety and hippocampal volume may be critical for understanding hippocampal contributions to normal and pathological behavior. Neuropsychopharmacology (2006) 31, 925-932.

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Smaller hippocampal volume in Dutch police officers with posttraumatic stress disorder

Cited by 167 publications

References 43 publications

Structural magnetic ressonance imaging in anxiety disorders: an update of research findings

Structural magnetic ressonance imaging in anxiety disorders: an update of research findings

Disturbed dreaming, posttraumatic stress disorder, and affect distress: A review and neurocognitive model.

Anxiety and Hippocampus Volume in the Rat

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