Smart backplanes—II

Karanassios, Vassili; Horlick, Gary

doi:10.1016/0039-9140(85)80157-0

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The resultant voltage is digitized using a 12-bit analogue-todigital converter interfacedlo7 to an IBM PC compatible microcomputer. 109 The software allows one channel to be interrogated repeatedly with a minimum conversion time of 50 ps per data point. A number of converted values are then summed to build the dynamic range.…”

Section: Experimental Instrumentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrothermal vaporization sample introduction system for the analysis of pelletized solids by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry

Karanassios¹,

Ren²,

Salin³

1991

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

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Section: Experimental Instrumentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrothermal vaporization sample introduction system for the analysis of pelletized solids by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry

Karanassios¹,

Ren²,

Salin³

1991

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

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“…Fluidized beds, in which the gas was passed through powders on a sintered-glass disc, were also tried (78,79) with limited success, as were electrothermal vaporizers (80)(81)(82). Powdered samples on graphite rods have been inserted directly into the plasma with varying degrees of success (83,84 ). These two latter methods are subject to selective volatilization.…”

Section: Solid Sample Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Invention of the Annular Inductively Coupled Plasma as a Spectroscopic Source

Greenfield¹

2000

J. Chem. Educ.

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“…Since the technique was first introduced by Salin and Horlick in 1979, 1 there has been continuous efforts concerning DSI development in the past two decades. 2,3 DSI-ICP is similar to graphite-furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF-AAS) in several aspects. Firstly, graphite sample probes are commonly used in DSI-ICP, 3 although tungsten wire loops 4 and metal sample cups 5,6 have also been reported.…”

Section: Direct Sample Insertion (Dsi) Is An Alternative Sample Intromentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies of Matrix Effects for the Analysis of Zinc in Sodium Chloride Using Direct Sample Insertion-Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry

Chan

Gong

et al. 2000

ANAL. SCI.

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Direct sample insertion (DSI) is an alternative sample introduction technique for the inductively coupled plasma (ICP).A small quantity of the sample is placed in a sample probe and inserted directly into the plasma for vaporization, atomization, excitation and/or ionization. DSI is applicable to solid, powder, as well as liquid samples with 100% sample introduction efficiency. Since the technique was first introduced by Salin and Horlick in 1979, 1 there has been continuous efforts concerning DSI development in the past two decades. 2,3 DSI-ICP is similar to graphite-furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF-AAS) in several aspects. Firstly, graphite sample probes are commonly used in DSI-ICP, 3 although tungsten wire loops 4 and metal sample cups 5,6 have also been reported. Secondly, because the sample is thermally evaporated from the graphite probe, the analyte and matrix vaporization behavior and pattern are similar for GF-AAS and DSI-ICP. In addition, analyte vapor is measured in atomic form in a hot and inert atmosphere above the sample probe or in the furnace. DSI-ICP has an advantage that the analyte enters a plasma of higher temperature than the sample probe, while the temperature of the gas atmosphere inside a graphite furnace is usually lower than that of the inside wall of the furnace. Yet, matrix effects in GF-AAS, e.g., vaporization interference and gas-phase reactions, are relevant to DSI-ICP. Vaporization interference is considered to be the major matrix effect for DSI-ICP. 7 The matrix effects on the excitation and ionization characteristics of the ICP are thought to be relatively minor, although suppression in the ICP emission intensity of Cu I, Cd I, Zn I and Pb II in the presence of pyrolysis products of an ion exchange resin has been attributed to changes in the ICP excitation conditions due to matrix effects. 8 It is remarkable that matrix effects on ICP excitation conditions are seldom observed for DSI. The mass flux of the matrix for DSI is much higher than that of solution nebulization. For a sample solution containing 3% NaCl and a typical sample volume of 10 µl, the average mass flux of NaCl introduced into the ICP by DSI is 6×10 -5 g/s if NaCl is completely evaporated in 5 s. The same mass flux for solution nebulization implies a 18% NaCl solution, assuming a 2% nebulization efficiency and a 1 ml/min uptake rate. The introduction of such a high concentration of easily-ionized-element (EIE) into the ICP, if possible, would cause severe matrix effects. [9][10][11][12] In this work, the matrix effects for DSI-ICP on analyte vaporization and on the ICP excitation conditions were studied. A slow insertion rate of the sample probe was used so that a partial separation in time for the vaporization of the test element and the matrix could be obtained. With such a setup, the temporal profile of the ICP emission intensity contained information about both the thermal vaporization and matrix influence of the ICP. Since the uncertainties in the intensity from run to run were eliminated, a direct...

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Smart backplanes—II

Cited by 9 publications

References 5 publications

Electrothermal vaporization sample introduction system for the analysis of pelletized solids by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry

Electrothermal vaporization sample introduction system for the analysis of pelletized solids by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry

Invention of the Annular Inductively Coupled Plasma as a Spectroscopic Source

Studies of Matrix Effects for the Analysis of Zinc in Sodium Chloride Using Direct Sample Insertion-Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry

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