Smart building real time pricing for offering load-side Regulation Service reserves

Receding horizon control for demand-response operation of building heating systems

“…The novelty introduced here is the inclusion of price/volume signals from an external market player asking the building to participate in a DR service. Participation of buildings in DR programs has been recently addressed in [12], where a pricing policy has been proposed for offering real time regulation services. In our case, the building operator just receives an external price/volume signal and the optimizer analyses whether it is convenient for the building to participate or not in the service.…”

Demand-response in building heating systems: A Model Predictive Control approach

“…The idea of exploiting MPC for supervisory control of building energy management systems traces back to the late eighties [18], even if the intrinsic computational burden of the approach prevented realistic applications until a few years ago. Participation of buildings in DR programs has been recently addressed in [19], where a pricing policy has been proposed for offering real time regulation services, and in [20], where an optimization framework based on genetic algorithms is provided for dealing with a DR case study for the heating of an office building in Canada. In order to rapidly reply to DR requests, a fast chiller power demand response control strategy for commercial buildings is introduced in [21], with the aim of maintaining internal thermal comfort by regulating the chilled water flow distribution under the condition of insufficient cooling supply.…”

Control Challenges in Microgrids and the Role of Energy-Efficient Buildings [Scanning the Issue]

“…Increased integration of distributed generation will be supported by new grid-focused IT systems that feature distributed decision making and greatly enhanced real-time communication between load networks of appliance pools, SBOs, and the various independent system operators (ISOs) at both the transmission and distribution levels. Coordinating among high-voltage transmission systems (HVTSs) and low-voltage distribution systems (LVDSs) will be needed to manage T&D network congestion so as to ensure secure and stable grid operation [14] and [15].…”