With regard to the development of colleges and universities, ensuring the quality of education is the fundamental goal and main task of teaching daily management. With the continuous improvement of the application level of the Internet and other information technologies, the construction of smart campus in colleges and universities in China is rapidly advancing. This paper studies the construction and innovation strategy of the public sports quality monitoring system and discusses the changes in college students’ sports quality after the introduction of smart campuses from the perspective of artificial intelligence and the creation of smart universities. In this paper, the field survey method and other research methods are combined to study, and in the process of data storage, SQL Server database platform is used to store the data. This study shows that the proportion of each element of physical state management has changed significantly before and after college entrance. According to the data, since the introduction of smart campus real name system identification, tracking data, and evaluation functions, the number of college students’ physical exercise has increased significantly. The number of students with exercise plan in school 1 has increased from 70 to 222, and that of school 2 has increased from 49 to 199. Before the introduction, the students were very satisfied with the learning effect of physical education, which was 40.12% and increased to 45.70% after the introduction. Before the introduction, the students were very satisfied with the sports equipment, which was 30.12% before the introduction and increased to 35.24% after the introduction. Therefore, building a system for monitoring the quality of public sports in universities is very important for improving the quality of education in public sports in universities and plays an active role in promoting the physical and mental health of students.