“…QFD and its primary model, the HOQ method, can be used in conjunction with various fuzzy set theories to capture the true preferences of the DMs, as classical approaches struggle to address uncertainty problems. In recent years, the classical HOQ method has been applied in various domains within the literature using type-1 fuzzy sets, intuitionistic fuzzy sets, interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy sets, hesitant fuzzy sets, interval type-2 fuzzy sets and single-valued and IVN sets (Abdel-Basset et al ., 2018; Van et al ., 2018; Efe, 2019; Chan and Wu, 2002; Buyukozkan and Uzturk, 2020; Kaya and Erginel, 2020; Wu et al ., 2021). However, in the present study, the IVN-HOQ method is chosen as it offers simplicity of use, addresses uncertainty issues and considers the relationships between criteria and alternatives (Liu and Wang, 2010).…”