Smart grid and nuclear power plant security by integrating cryptographic hardware chip

Kumar, Niraj; Mishra, Vivek; Kumar, Adesh

doi:10.1016/j.net.2021.05.006

Cited by 18 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The second criterion in our comparison was the cryptography scheme used to ensure transactions and user identities. Several cryptographic schemes were adopted in the works reviewed above, such as the advanced encryption standard (AES) [48], ECDSA [9], IBS [24], and PKI [28] all of which have certain advantages and disadvantages. ECC and a session key agreement (SKA) were adopted by the authors of [21] and [11] respectively, which are vulnerable to eavesdropping and key compromise.…”

Section: Power Consumptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A Blockchain-Based Architecture for Securing Industrial IoTs Data in Electric Smart Grid

Umran¹,

Lu²,

Abduljabbar³

et al. 2023

Computers, Materials &Amp; Continua

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There are numerous internet-connected devices attached to the industrial process through recent communication technologies, which enable machine-to-machine communication and the sharing of sensitive data through a new technology called the industrial internet of things (IIoTs). Most of the suggested security mechanisms are vulnerable to several cybersecurity threats due to their reliance on cloud-based services, external trusted authorities, and centralized architectures; they have high computation and communication costs, low performance, and are exposed to a single authority of failure and bottleneck. Blockchain technology (BC) is widely adopted in the industrial sector for its valuable features in terms of decentralization, security, and scalability. In our work, we propose a decentralized, scalable, lightweight, trusted and secure private network based on blockchain technology/smart contracts for the overhead circuit breaker of the electrical power grid of the Al-Kufa/Iraq power plant as an industrial application. The proposed scheme offers a double layer of data encryption, device authentication, scalability, high performance, low power consumption, and improves the industry's operations; provides efficient access control to the sensitive data generated by circuit breaker sensors and helps reduce power wastage. We also address data aggregation operations, which are considered challenging in electric power smart grids. We utilize a multi-chain proof of rapid authentication (McPoRA) as a consensus mechanism, which helps to enhance the computational performance and effectively improve the latency. The advanced reduced instruction set computer (RISC) machines ARM Cortex-M33 microcontroller adopted in our work, is characterized by ultra-low power consumption and high performance, as well as efficiency in terms of real-time cryptographic algorithms such as the elliptic curve digital signature algorithm (ECDSA). This improves the computational execution, increases the implementation speed of the asymmetric cryptographic algorithm and provides data integrity and device authenticity at the perceptual layer. Our experimental results show that the proposed scheme achieves excellent performance, data security, real-time data processing, low power consumption (70.880 mW ), and very 5390 CMC, 2023, vol.74, no.3 low memory utilization (2.03% read-only memory (RAM) and 0.9% flash memory) and execution time (0.7424 s) for the cryptographic algorithm. This enables autonomous network reconfiguration on-demand and real-time data processing.

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Section: Power Consumptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In BC technology, all transactions are also hashed using SHA-265, encrypted with ECC and timestamped [9], which helps to prevent attackers from being able to change, modify or steal sensitive data. In SGs, cybersecurity is the biggest challenge [52], according to the guidelines issued by NIST [48].…”

Section: Power Consumptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Blockchain-Based Architecture for Securing Industrial IoTs Data in Electric Smart Grid

Umran¹,

Lu²,

Abduljabbar³

et al. 2023

Computers, Materials &Amp; Continua

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“…For the past 20 years, FPGA chips have been widely used in nuclear plant sectors and complicated electronic equipment for instrumentation and operation control. The FPGA was utilized in the power plant for GSM-based wireless [10] monitoring [19] that enabled security and message authentication on the mobile that kept the boiler temperature, pressure, and loads below the threshold limits.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smart Grid Security by Embedding S-Box Advanced Encryption Standard

Kumar¹,

Mishra²,

Kumar³

2022

Intelligent Automation &Amp; Soft Computing

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Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems continuously monitor the real-time processes in the smart grid. The system software, which is based on a human-machine interface (HMI), makes intelligent decisions to assist the system operator and perform normal grid management activities. The management of SCADA networks and monitoring without proper security is a major concern, as many grids and plant networks still lack necessary monitoring and detection systems, making them vulnerable to attack. SCADA networks exploit physical weaknesses as well as cyber-attacks. Researchers have developed a monitoring system based on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) and a microcontroller that allows for faster timing and system response. The cryptography-based substitution box (S-box) Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) and decryption method were proposed in the research paper, which may be merged with smart grid communication hardware and grid distribution as an integrated chip, synthesized on FPGA-Virtex-5 hardware. The method creates a platform for grid security by implementing a cryptographic-based security algorithm in hardware chips. The algorithm was designed using VHDL coding in Xilinx ISE 14.7 software and tested with various grid data sizes and key. The research represents a significant effort on the part of the businesses looking for solutions to secure the smart grid and plants by incorporating secure hardware.

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“…Trust-based key management [32] is used to accomplish secure and efficient wireless multicast communication which can be applied for the security of destination-sequenced distance vector (DSDV), optimized link state routing (OLSR) [33], and ad hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV) [34] routing protocols. For device-to-device communication in the wireless system, the delay, memory, and hardware resources utilization [35,36] are a major concern. It has been identified in different topological communication [37] such as in Zigbee IEEE 802.14 [38,39], wireless sensor network, network-on-chip communication, wireless monitoring of plant information, and security.…”

Section: Identity-basedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smart Communication and Security by Key Distribution in Multicast Environment

Yadav

Singh

Pandey

et al. 2022

Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing

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The service providers are aiming to provide multicast applications, primarily in the area of content delivery and secure wireless networks, due to the increased adoption of network systems and demand for secured wireless networks communication. Cryptography enables the users to send information across insecure networks using data encryption and decryption with key management. The research paper proposes a unique way of safeguarding network systems using cryptographic keys, as well as a fuzzy-based technique for improving security by reducing symmetric and asymmetric key overhead. To enable efficient communication, fuzzy-based rules with security triads and cryptographic key management methods are used. When the key distribution is decentralized, security implementation becomes more difficult, and multiple types of attacks are possible. Fuzzy logic-based key management methods are used in addition to offering a novel technique for secure cryptography systems. The novelty of the work is that the simulation work is also carried out to verify the data in on-demand distance vector (AODV) multicast wireless routing that supports 100 nodes with network performance parameters such as delay, control overhead, throughput, and packet delivery ratio. The system supports up to 128-bit key embedded with 128-bit plain data in cryptographic encryption and decryption.

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Smart grid and nuclear power plant security by integrating cryptographic hardware chip

Cited by 18 publications

References 25 publications

A Blockchain-Based Architecture for Securing Industrial IoTs Data in Electric Smart Grid

A Blockchain-Based Architecture for Securing Industrial IoTs Data in Electric Smart Grid

Smart Grid Security by Embedding S-Box Advanced Encryption Standard

Smart Communication and Security by Key Distribution in Multicast Environment

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