Smart Island Energy Systems: Case Study of Ballen Marina on Samsø

Jóźwiak, Dawid; Pillai, Jayakrishnan Radhakrishna; Ponnaganti, Pavani; Bak‐Jensen, Birgitte; Jantzen, Jan

doi:10.1109/sest50973.2021.9543171

Cited by 2 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Nonetheless, the advantages of the V2G implementation are substantial, and the marina could techno-economically benefit in the future from the application of boat flexibility and EV bidirectional charging, enabling the integration of more renewable energy without additional grid reinvestment. The obtained results clearly show the improvements in the operation of Ballen marina's energy system, compared to the previous research in this area [28][29][30]45].…”

Section: Future Scenariosupporting

confidence: 48%

“…Further, the benefits from future V2G technology implementation were evaluated, developing the optimal strategy for bidirectional power flow between electric cars and the marina's grid. As this study case considered the prospective configuration of the marina's ICES, the PV capacity was assumed to be three-times increased (from 60 kWp to 180 kWp)-since the existing PV plant size was proven to be too small, based on the results of [45]. Ultimately, the future scenario with eight electric cars and the V2G technology was analysed.…”

Section: Proposed Optimal Operation Of Marina's Energy Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the EV coordination simulations, the battery model developed in [45]-along with the battery degradation model presented in [47]-was utilised, serving as the equality and inequality constraints for the optimisation model:…”

Section: Proposed Optimal Operation Of Marina's Energy Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the minimum and maximum SOC was limited by, respectively, SOC min = 2.5% and SOC max = 97.5%. [30] Further, the power exchange with the utility grid was modelled as in [45]:…”

Section: Proposed Optimal Operation Of Marina's Energy Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The commonly expressed concerns regarding the V2G technology implementation relate to the possible situation of accelerated battery ageing. For this reason, the battery degradation of the marina's EVs was evaluated, based on the ageing model presented in [45]. The weekly battery degradation of electric cars-without and with the V2G technology-is presented in Table 4.…”

Section: Bidirectional Power Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimal Charging and Discharging Strategies for Electric Cars in PV-BESS-Based Marina Energy Systems

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The emerging concept of integrated community energy systems (ICESs) proves its suitability for improving the operation of local grids—increasing self-consumption from local generation, enhancing the load factor, and reducing energy cost. In Ballen marina—located on the Danish island of Samsø—the battery energy storage system (BESS)’s action can be possibly complemented by the flexibility of boats and electric cars. With the greater involvement of energy consumers, the energy system’s performance may become more efficient—from both technical and economic perspectives. Within this framework, the optimal charging and discharging strategies of the marina’s electric cars were developed and evaluated. The car usage profile was generated, utilising a stochastic approach to resemble daily variations in the driving pattern. The optimal charging strategy was established, subsequently integrating this action with boat flexibility. As a future scenario, the benefits of vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology implementation were examined, proving significant enhancements of the future marina’s grid—with increased photovoltaic (PV) generation capacity and the number of electric cars. The economic benefits of bidirectional charging were proven, with ample advantages for the marina and the rental company, leading to cost savings of up to 51.7% and minimising the energy export by 21.3%. Therefore, increasing the integration level of Ballen marina’s flexible units—electric cars and boats—was concluded to be an important goal for the coming years.

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Section: Future Scenariosupporting

confidence: 48%

Section: Proposed Optimal Operation Of Marina's Energy Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Proposed Optimal Operation Of Marina's Energy Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the minimum and maximum SOC was limited by, respectively, SOC min = 2.5% and SOC max = 97.5%. [30] Further, the power exchange with the utility grid was modelled as in [45]:…”

Section: Proposed Optimal Operation Of Marina's Energy Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bidirectional Power Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Optimal Charging and Discharging Strategies for Electric Cars in PV-BESS-Based Marina Energy Systems

et al. 2023

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Optimising Energy Flexibility of Boats in PV-BESS Based Marina Energy Systems

et al. 2021

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Implementation of alternative energy supply solutions requires the broad involvement of local communities. Hence, smart energy solutions are primarily investigated on a local scale, resulting in integrated community energy systems (ICESs). Within this framework, the distributed generation can be optimally utilised, matching it with the local load via storage and demand response techniques. In this study, the boat demand flexibility in the Ballen marina on Samsø—a medium-sized Danish island—is analysed for improving the local grid operation. For this purpose, suitable electricity tariffs for the marina and sailors are developed based on the conducted demand analysis. The optimal scheduling of boats and battery energy storage system (BESS) is proposed, utilising mixed-integer linear programming. The marina’s grid-flexible operation is studied for three representative weeks—peak tourist season, late summer, and late autumn period—with the combinations of high/low load and photovoltaic (PV) generation. Several benefits of boat demand response have been identified, including cost savings for both the marina and sailors, along with a substantial increase in load factor. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm increases battery utilisation during summer, improving the marina’s cost efficiency. The cooperation of boat flexibility and BESS leads to improved grid operation of the marina, with profits for both involved parties. In the future, the marina’s demand flexibility could become an essential element of the local energy system, considering the possible increase in renewable generation capacity—in the form of PV units, wind turbines or wave energy.

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Smart Island Energy Systems: Case Study of Ballen Marina on Samsø

Cited by 2 publications

References 15 publications

Optimal Charging and Discharging Strategies for Electric Cars in PV-BESS-Based Marina Energy Systems

Optimal Charging and Discharging Strategies for Electric Cars in PV-BESS-Based Marina Energy Systems

Optimising Energy Flexibility of Boats in PV-BESS Based Marina Energy Systems

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