Smart microneedle patches for wound healing and management

Abstract

Diagram of the Smart Wound Management Microneedle Patch. Smart microneedle patches combine treatment and monitoring for real-time diagnosis.

Recent advances of hydrogels as smart dressings for diabetic wounds

“…Wound healing is a dynamic and continuous process that mainly includes four stages: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. 16 When the skin is damaged, the first thing that occurs is the hemostasis process, where capillaries quickly contract and platelets initiate a coagulation cascade reaction to quickly reduce blood flow and seal the wound. In addition, platelets directly capture immune cells or release chemokines to attract immune cells to the injured site, preparing for the subsequent inflammatory stage.…”

Advances of Microneedle Patch in Diabetic Wound Healing

“…51 Growth factors such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), VEGF, and recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rh-EGF) are essential for angiogenesis. 52,56 Inspired, Xu et al reported a gelatin MN patch loaded with PDGF to promote VEGF expression and accelerate angiogenesis at the wound site. 57 Chi et al introduced a VEGF-loaded responsive CS-pNIPAM MN patch that responds to localized high temperature in diabetic wounds, releasing VEGF and enhancing angiogenesis (►Fig.…”

“…Angiogenesis may be accelerated by sufficient oxygen. 52 53 54 Zhang et al explored an oxygen-responsive hemoglobin (Hb)-separated MN patch that could release oxygen responsively, thereby accelerating angiogenesis when it was applied to a diabetic wound ( Fig. 4A ).…”

Transdermal drug delivery using a porous microneedle device driven by a hydrogel electroosmotic pump

“…2 Microneedles (MNs), painless and active transdermal delivery devices, have been widely investigated and applied for cancer treatment, vaccination, and wound healing by transporting molecules with a molecular weight larger than 500 Dalton. 3–5 MNs can be categorized into hollow microneedles, coated microneedles, hydrogel microneedles, and dissolving microneedles based on the matrix materials and mechanisms. 6–9 However, most of them require complicated fabrication procedures or have limited drug-loading capacities.…”