Smart Space Design–A Framework and an IoT Prototype Implementation

Abstract

In the last decade, the need for smart-space design has been on the rise. Various data collected from Internet-of-Things (IoT) and sensors are used to optimize the operation of smart spaces, which, in urban areas, are evolving into smart cities. How can smart spaces provide value to citizens? There is a need to develop smart services that leverage emerging technologies while taking an inclusive and empowering approach to the inhabitants. To address this need, we present a framework for designing smart spaces and we use a bottom-up (inclusive) approach to instantiate a smart kiosk (SK). The SK prototype provides a practical approach for transforming a traditional building into a smart space utilizing IoT and artificial intelligence technologies. The design science research (DSR) methodology was followed for designing and evaluating the prototype. An iterative process that involves occupant feedback and brainstorming sessions coupled with a literature review was carried out to identify the issues and services related to a smart building. The SK prototype implements three intelligent services that were prioritized by the citizens of the building. The results show that the SK has a high usage and acceptance rate and it can transform a lobby into a highly engaged and smart building space. The prototyping process suggests important factors to ideate and assess smart services and shows that small-scale projects can be successful to enable smart buildings. The framework provides a theoretical contribution while the design and development process assists practitioners in identifying and developing intelligent services based on IoT technology.

An Empirical Study of the Technoparks in Turkey in Investigating the Challenges and Potential of Designing Intelligent Spaces

“…The challenging rise of Big Data from environmental inputs also necessitates the allocation of complex smart systems by considering the role of Subjectile on the scale of urban computing and social spaces [12,48]. The increasing number of smart city projects also reveals the necessity to regard IoT-based and AI-based smart system developments to produce and process Big Data to meet the expectations and preferences of urban dwellers [24,[49][50][51]. Thus, designing according to the informational data of environmental inputs from sensors is becoming increasingly critical, and the limits and potentials of technology inevitably influence and challenge the spatial design of the built environment [47,49].…”

“…For instance, the pilot projects conducted at TU Delft, TU Eindhoven, Radboud, and Wageningen Universities for smart campus development were governed by the pipeline of IoT projects to facilitate larger-scale technology investments, cognitive research, and the production of information-intense knowledge that allows for appropriate decision making [26]. Moreover, applying state-of-the-art IoT and AI technologies in universities and TDZs is extremely significant with regard to open and responsible innovation through offering value-based innovative networks for sustainable digital ecosystems, which can overcome the problems of productivity of firms and labor as well as unemployment within the creative class [1][2][3][4]11,12,14,22,24,27,59,60]. In one seminal piece of research, for instance, the innovativeness of incubation centers for offering job opportunities in two countries, the US and Poland, are compared regarding the conceptualized social, financial, scientific, and organizational indicators from a broader perspective [61].…”

“…Furthermore, there is a branch of emerging research that defines the factors for innovative capabilities of firms in China and Spain, and the potential of technoparks is being explored in countries such as Taiwan [23][24][25]35,36]. For instance, an empirical study on the innovative capabilities of construction companies in Spain has been conducted [25].…”

“…Thus, universities and TDZs are also responsible for contributing to financial development through open innovation and the evolution of further progress via experimental work, such as intelligent spaces for new human-technology interactions [11,13,[18][19][20][21][22] (Figure 2). Indeed, significant recent articles also draw similar conceptual frameworks of open innovation in defining the circumstances for the construction of intelligent environments [11,13,18,[23][24][25]. Intelligent learning spaces, encouraged by open innovation for smart campuses and workspaces, can offer responsible innovation through social cooperation and knowledge transfer, as networked via the new interfaces for Subjectile-Objectile (human-technology) relations, to be augmented via Artificial intelligence (AI) and Internet of Things (IoT) projects [1][2][3]11,12,24,26] (Figures 1 and 2).…”

“…Indeed, significant recent articles also draw similar conceptual frameworks of open innovation in defining the circumstances for the construction of intelligent environments [11,13,18,[23][24][25]. Intelligent learning spaces, encouraged by open innovation for smart campuses and workspaces, can offer responsible innovation through social cooperation and knowledge transfer, as networked via the new interfaces for Subjectile-Objectile (human-technology) relations, to be augmented via Artificial intelligence (AI) and Internet of Things (IoT) projects [1][2][3]11,12,24,26] (Figures 1 and 2). Therefore, the research critically analyzes the spatiotemporal organization of the creative class in certain significant TDZs, R&D, and design centers in Turkey.…”