The scientific novelty, relevance, and socio-economic impact of procurement and sales by consumer cooperatives lie in ensuring regional food security and increasing the efficiency of cooperative and household farms. Food security is the most important part of socio-economic policies in any country. It serves as an essential factor for increasing the quality of life and the standard of living. The Government of the Russian Federation developed several measures for implementing the Food Security Doctrine of the Russian Federation. Federal and regional authorities systematically evaluate and improve the food security of Russia, develop and implement new legal provisions. In this study, we described the operational and social mission of farming enterprises and households of Russia and its regions. Moreover, we outlined the development potential of cooperatives and their interaction with farming enterprises and households. We examined the mechanism of collaboration between several small-sized forms of enterprises and cooperatives in the formation of food resources in the modern economy. Additionally, we analyzed the efficiency of small agricultural enterprises in using rural resources and population for providing high-quality food products to the nation.