Smell identification test as an indicator for cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease

Suzuki, Yusuke; Yamamoto, Sayaka; Umegaki, Hiroyuki; Onishi, Joji; Mogi, Nanaka; Fujishiro, Hiroshige; Iguchi, Akihisa

doi:10.1002/gps.1161

Cited by 63 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…As far as we know, no other study has collected normative data for a large set of ecologically valid odor stimuli with young and older Spanish adults. Tuorila, 2002;Suzuki et al, 2004;Westervelt, Ruffolo, & Tremont, 2005). Although some odor perception studies have used standardized and commercially available olfactory tests, they have shown cultural differences that limit the generalizability of their results.…”

Section: Universidad Nacional De Educación a Distancia Madrid Spainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of odors of edible and nonedible stimuli as affected by age and gender

Fusari

Ballesteros

2008

Behavior Research Methods

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Section: Universidad Nacional De Educación a Distancia Madrid Spainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of odors of edible and nonedible stimuli as affected by age and gender

Fusari

Ballesteros

2008

Behavior Research Methods

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“…Alzheimer's disease studies consistently show the presence of the smell identification impairment in this disease [32,42]. On the other hand, research on the loss of the sense of smell brings more ambiguous resultssome reports suggest loss of the smell identification ability with the preserved sensitivity [54], whereas others show impairment of both aspects of the olfactory function.…”

Section: Specificity Of the Olfactory Impairment In Alzheimer's Diseasementioning

confidence: 94%

“…In 1986, Knupfer and Spiegel de-scribed difficulties experienced by individuals suffering from AD in smell identification and differentiation tasks [41,43]. Based on a review of completed studies, Gray [32] states that currently it is a well verified fact that an abnormally low olfactory ability manifesting itself in difficulties with smell identification (both verbal and non-verbal [42]), smell recognition and olfactory thresholds increase alongside dementia progression, is characteristic of individuals suffering from AD. Smell differentiation and identification impairment is found in around 85-90% of patients diagnosed with probable AD.…”

Section: Deterioration Of Olfactory Ability Over the Course Of Alzheimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The olfactory dysfunction is asso- [32] na podstawie analizy badań stwierdził, że obecnie jest to dobrze zweryfikowane, iż osoby cierpiące na AD cechuje anormalnie niska sprawność węchowa przejawiająca się w trudnościach identyfikacji zapachów (zarówno werbalnej, jak i niewerbalnej [42]), rozpoznawania zapachów i podwyższeniu węchowych progów sensorycznych wraz z progresją otępienia. U ok. 85-90% pacjentów z rozpoznaną AD stwierdza się obecność zaburzeń rozróżniania i identyfikowania zapachów, przy czym, co istotne, zazwyczaj nie stwierdza się anosmii (tzn.…”

Section: Relationship Between Olfactory Ability and Cognitive Functionunclassified

“…Badania nad AD wskazują spójnie na zaburzenia identyfikacji zapachów w tej chorobie [32,42]. Badania nad utratą wrażliwości na zapachy przynoszą jednak bardziej niejednoznaczne wyniki -niektóre doniesienia sugerują utratę zdolności identyfikacji zapachów przy zachowanej wrażliwości [54], inne na zaburzenia obu aspektów funkcjonowania węchowego.…”

Section: Specyfika Zaburzeń Funkcjonowania Węchowego W Chorobie Alzheunclassified

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The olfactory dysfunctions occurring in the course of Alzheimer’s disease

Śmigórska¹,

Śmigórski²

2017

ppn

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Purpose: The aim of this article is to provide a summary of findings concerning olfactory loss associated with pathological neurodegenerative changes which occur over the course of Alzheimer's disease. Views: It is shown that compared with the healthy population, olfactory dysfunction is more pronounced in neurodegenerative diseases and precedes symptoms typical of those diseases. One of the primary differences between physiological, age-associated and pathological olfactory loss is the patients' awareness of the deficit. Healthy hyposmic or even anosmic patients are often aware of the problems caused by this dysfunction; however, it is not the case for patients in the preclinical, prodromal or clinical stages of Alzheimer's disease. Conclusions:The clinical value of olfactory function assessments should be emphasized, as it may provide information about the potential prodromal symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. Key words: Alzheimer's disease, olfaction disorders, olfactory perception, dementia, smell. StreszczenieCel: Celem pracy jest przedstawienie stanu wiedzy na temat utraty sprawności węchowej związanej z patologicznymi zmianami neurozwyrodnieniowymi zachodzącymi w przebiegu choroby Alzheimera. Poglądy: Przedstawiono dane wskazujące, że u osób cierpiących na choroby neurozwyrodnieniowe zaburzenia sprawności węcho-wej są bardziej nasilone w porównaniu ze zdrową populacją i poprzedzają objawy typowe dla tych chorób. Jedną z głównych różnic między fizjologiczną, związaną z wiekiem a patologiczną utratą węchu jest świadomość deficytu. Zdrowi, hipozmiczni lub nawet anozmiczni pacjenci są często świadomi problemów powodowanych przez dysfunkcję węchową, czego często nie stwierdza się w przypadku pacjentów w przedklinicznym, prodromalnym lub klinicznym stadium choroby Alzheimera.Wnioski: Podkreślono wartość kliniczną badania sprawności węchu jako potencjalnego objawu prodromalnego choroby Alzheimera. Słowa kluczowe: choroba Alzheimera, zaburzenia węchu, percepcja olfaktoryczna, otępienie, węch.

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Accelerated Weight Loss May Precede Diagnosis in Alzheimer Disease

2006

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To determine the association of weight loss and the onset of dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) and to characterize the rate of weight change over time in older adults (aged 65-95 years) who develop DAT vs those who remain without dementia.Design: Rates of weight change were investigated in older adult research participants (N = 449) who were enrolled as control subjects without dementia and followed up longitudinally (6 years on average) at the Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine. Some individuals (n = 125) eventually developed DAT; the others (n = 324) remained without dementia. Body weight was measured at each annual assessment. Piecewise linear regression and random effects models were used to test longitudinal rates of weight change between the groups.Results: Participants without dementia lost about 0.6 lb per year. For those individuals who developed DAT, about 1 year before the detection of DAT, the rate of weight loss doubled (1.2 lb per year). As a group, participants who eventually developed DAT weighed less (about 8 pounds) at study enrollment (ie, when they did not have dementia) than participants who remained without dementia.Conclusions: Aging with and without DAT is associated with weight loss; however, weight loss may accelerate before the diagnosis of DAT. Specific factors contributing to weight loss are unknown, but these data suggest they operate before the development of DAT. Hence, weight loss may be a preclinical indicator of Alzheimer disease.

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Smell identification test as an indicator for cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease

Abstract: The results suggest that a short and simple non-lexical olfactory identification test can be useful as a clinical marker of AD appropriate for Japanese elderly population.

Cited by 63 publications

References 45 publications

Identification of odors of edible and nonedible stimuli as affected by age and gender

Identification of odors of edible and nonedible stimuli as affected by age and gender

The olfactory dysfunctions occurring in the course of Alzheimer’s disease

Accelerated Weight Loss May Precede Diagnosis in Alzheimer Disease

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