Smoke seed germination studies and a guide to seed propagation of plants from the major families of the Cape Floristic Region, South Africa

Brown, N.A.C.; Botha, P. A.; Staden, J. Van

doi:10.1016/s0254-6299(15)30194-0

Cited by 87 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…1). Seedlings for transplantation were grown by germinating seeds outdoors at the South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch in Xats containing low-fertility sandy medium, starting in early May 2003 (Brown and Botha 2004). After germination, seedlings were kept watered and placed in direct sunlight.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental biogeography: the role of environmental gradients in high geographic diversity in Cape Proteaceae

et al. 2009

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One of the fundamental dimensions of biodiversity is the rate of species turnover across geographic distance. The Cape Floristic Region of South Africa has exceptionally high geographic species turnover, much of which is associated with groups of closely related species with mostly or completely non-overlapping distributions. A basic unresolved question about biodiversity in this global hotspot is the relative importance of ecological gradients in generating and maintaining high geographic turnover in the region. We used reciprocal transplant experiments to test the extent to which abiotic environmental factors may limit the distributions of a group of closely related species in the genus Protea (Proteaceae), and thus elevate species turnover in this diverse, iconic family. We tested whether these species have a "home site advantage" in demographic rates (germination, growth, mortality), and also parameterized stage-structured demographic models for the species. Two of the three native species were predicted to have a demographic advantage at their home sites. The models also predicted, however, that species could maintain positive population growth rates at sites beyond their current distribution limits. Thus the experiment suggests that abiotic limitation under current environmental conditions does not fully explain the observed distribution limits or resulting biogeographic pattern. One potentially important mechanism is dispersal limitation, which is consistent with estimates based on genetic data and mechanistic dispersal models, though other mechanisms including competition may also play a role.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental biogeography: the role of environmental gradients in high geographic diversity in Cape Proteaceae

et al. 2009

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“…Smoke treatment is at present mainly used as a germination stimulant to aid the revegetation of mined areas (Roche et al, 1997;Read et al, 2000) or to promote the germination of many indigenous species for horticultural purposes (Brown, 2004) but not as a plant growth promoter in later stages of development. Many of other potential applications are possible, which explains the increased interest in smoke treatments, for example, in agriculture.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotoxicity evaluation of two kinds of smoke‐water and 3,7‐dimethyl‐2H‐furo[2,3‐c]pyran‐2‐one

Trinh¹,

Gevaert²,

Kohout

et al. 2010

J of Applied Toxicology

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Smoke, smoke-water and aerosols have a stimulatory effect on seed germination and growth vigour of many seedlings, making them potentially useful for different purposes, provided they do not pose a health risk. Therefore, the genotoxicity of two kinds of smoke-water and 3,7-dimethyl-2H-furo[2,3-c]pyran-2-one, a variant of the most active smoke compound (3-methyl-2H-furo[2,3-c]pyran-2-one) was evaluated using the Vitotox assay. Smoke-water extracts were obtained from burning leaves: Themeda triandra (smoke-water Tt) and a mix of Themeda triandra and Passerina vulgaris (smoke-water Kb). No genotoxic effect was observed for any of the three samples. However, the three samples are toxic at the highest concentrations (3,7-dimethyl-2H-furo[2,3-c]pyran-2-one, 2 ppm; smoke-water Tt, dilutions 1 : 1, 1 : 2, 1 : 4; smoke-water Kb, dilution 1 : 1) without addition of S9 mix. Both the butenolide 3,7-dimethyl-2H-furo[2,3-c]pyran-2-one and smoke-water Tt are also toxic at high doses in the presence of S9 (2 ppm and dilutions 1 : 1 and 1 : 2, respectively), but not smoke-water Kb. Thus, from these results, no genotoxicity of these three samples can be assumed, which is accordance with the previous tests performed with 3-methyl-2H-furo[2,3-c]pyran-2-one and a smoke-water.

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“…Smoke and smoke solutions from the combustion of plant material stimulate germination in a wide range of species from fire-prone environments differing in plant growth form, reproductive strategy and seed size (Brown et al 2003;Brown and Botha 2004). Smoke also markedly improves post-germinative growth (seedling vigour) in seeds of the Amaryllidaceae, even though in these species there was no effect on germination (Brown et al 2003;Sparg et al 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Butenolide from plant-derived smoke enhances germination and seedling growth of arable weed species

et al. 2006

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We tested the applicability of the recently identified major germination cue from smoke (a butenolide 3-methyl-2Hfuro[2,3-c]pyran-2-one) on 18 weed species from non-fire prone environments. For the study species we compared the relative effectiveness of alternating temperatures, KNO 3 , GA 3 , smoke water and the butenolide on germination percentage, germination rate and seedling mass. We found that while smoke stimulated germination in a number of species it also had negative impacts on other species. In addition, the butenolide was effective on the widest range of species in terms of enhancing germination percentage, rate and seedling mass. However, none of the treatments, including butenolide were effective on all species. Our data demonstrate that butenolide may have wide applicability as a germination and seedling growth stimulant irrespective of whether the species come from fire-prone habitats.

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Smoke seed germination studies and a guide to seed propagation of plants from the major families of the Cape Floristic Region, South Africa

Cited by 87 publications

References 23 publications

Experimental biogeography: the role of environmental gradients in high geographic diversity in Cape Proteaceae

Experimental biogeography: the role of environmental gradients in high geographic diversity in Cape Proteaceae

Genotoxicity evaluation of two kinds of smoke‐water and 3,7‐dimethyl‐2H‐furo[2,3‐c]pyran‐2‐one

Butenolide from plant-derived smoke enhances germination and seedling growth of arable weed species

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