Smoking and its Effects on Early-Onset Periodontitis

Schenkein, Harvey A.; Gunsolley, John C.; Koertge, Thomas E.; Schenkein, Jeremy G.; Tew, John G.

doi:10.14219/jada.archive.1995.0327

Cited by 108 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Therefore, we selected controls slightly older than CP patients in order to reduce analysis bias. Smoking has been identified as a major environmental risk factor associated with increased incidence and severity of periodontitis (Grossi et al, 1995); sometimes, the genetic association with periodontitis was evident only when smokers were excluded, confirming the importance of this risk factor (Haber et al, 1993;Schenkein et al, 1995) and suggesting that its effect is strong enough to be seen even in subjects who were not genetically predisposed to periodontitis. Therefore, smokers and smokeless tobacco users were excluded from the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Lack of association between the vitamin D receptor polymorphism rs2228570 and chronic periodontitis in a Han Chinese population

Wang

Chen

2015

Genet. Mol. Res.

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ABSTRACT. The vitamin D receptor (VDR) is involved in the immune response and bone metabolism, both of which are implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic periodontitis (CP). In this study, we investigated the association between the VDR single nucleotide polymorphism rs2228570 and CP susceptibility in a Han Chinese population consisting of 440 moderate or severe CP patients and 324 controls. Genomic DNA was extracted from buccal epithelial cells and genotyped using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ ionization time-of-flight-mass spectrometry. No significant difference in allelic or genotypic frequencies distributions for rs2228570 was found between CP patients and controls. In conclusion, we found no statistically significant association between rs2228570 and CP in our population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Lack of association between the vitamin D receptor polymorphism rs2228570 and chronic periodontitis in a Han Chinese population

Wang

Chen

2015

Genet. Mol. Res.

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“…It has been shown that smokers have higher level of periodontitis regardless of oral hygiene, 25,26 deeper probing depths and larger number of deep pockets, 27,28 more attachment loss including more gingival recession 29,30 and increased alveolar bone loss. 31 Smoking is associated with increased severity of periodontal disease in younger individuals 32 as well as in older adults. 33 Thus, the result of our study is consistent with the findings of other studies, demonstrating the detrimental effect of smoking on severity of periodontitis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Obesity and Chronic Periodontitis: A Cross-sectional Study

Palle¹,

Reddy²,

Shankar³

et al. 2013

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice

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Aim: Chronic periodontitis is multifactorial and numerous risk factors have been identified to contribute in the disease progression. Current study aimed to conduct a cross-sectional study in a population of patients with cardiovascular diseases in order to correlate the association between obesity [body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC)] and periodontal disease parameters. Materials and methods:The study was of a cross-sectional design and a total of 201 patients were examined after obtaining their informed consent. Subjects who had a history of cardiovascular diseases and under treatment were included in the study. Two indicators of obesity were used: BMI and WC. The following periodontal parameters were assessed: Probing depth, clinical attachment level. The oral hygiene status of the subjects was assessed by the oral hygiene index (OHI, simplified) given by John C Greene and Jack R Vermillion. The influence of the BMI and other confounding variables on periodontitis severity was assessed by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Data were analyzed using SPSS.Results: Significant association was seen with low density lipoproteins (LDL) and severity of periodontitis (p < 0.005), triglyceride levels (TGL) and severity of periodontitis (p < 0.005), cholesterol and severity of periodontitis (p < 0.005), BMI and severity of periodontitis (p < 0.001), OHI and severity of periodontitis (p < 0.001). Significant association was seen with smoking and severity of periodontitis (p < 0.005), BMI and severity of periodontitis (p < 0.001), WC and severity of periodontitis (p < 0.001), cholesterol and severity of periodontitis (p < 0.001), OHI and severity of periodontitis (p < 0.001). Conclusion:Obesity has been implicated as a risk factor for several conditions including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, etc. In our study the relation between measures of overall and abdominal obesity (BMI and WC) and periodontal disease showed significant association in the multivariate logistic regression analysis independent of other confounding factors.Clinical significance: Obesity can act as a significant risk factor in progression of periodontitis.

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“…In additon to oral microbes, a variety of environmental factors-including cigarette smoking, diet, and stress-may be important for disease pathogenesis in different individuals. Recent analyses suggest that cigarette smoking is as important as microbial factors in explaining periodontitis severity (Schenkein et al, 1995;Offenbacher, 1996;Quinn et al, 1996).…”

Section: Periodontal Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Molecular Genetics on Oral Health Paradigms

Hart

Marazita

Wright

2000

Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine

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As a result of our increased understanding of the human genome, and the functional interrelationships of gene products with each other and with the environment, it is becoming increasingly evident that many human diseases are influenced by heritable alterations in the structure or function of genes. Significant advances in research methods and newly emerging partnerships between private and public sector interests are creating new possibilities for utilization of genetic information for the diagnosis and treatment of human diseases. The availability and application of genetic information to the understanding of normal and abnormal human growth and development are fundamentally changing the way we approach the study of human diseases. As a result, the issues and principles of medical genetics are coming to bear across all disciplines of health care. In this review, we discuss some of the potential applications of human molecular genetics for the diagnosis and treatment of oral diseases. This discussion is presented in the context of the ongoing technological advances and conceptual changes that are occurring in the field of medical genetics. To realize the promise of this new molecular genetics, we must be prepared to foresee the possibilities and to incorporate these newly emergent technologies into the evolving discipline of dentistry. By using examples of human conditions, we illustrate the broad application of this emerging technology to the study of simple as well as complex genetic diseases. Throughout this paper, we will use the following terminology: Penetrance In a population, defined as the proportion of individuals posessing a disease-causing genotype who express the disease phenotype. When this proportion is less than 100%, the disease is said to have reduced or incomplete penetrance. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-A technique for amplifying a large number of copies of a specific DNA sequence flanked by two oligonucleotide primers. The DNA is alternately heated and cooled in the presence of DNA polymerase and free nucleotides, so that the specified DNA segment is denatured, hybridized with primers, and extended by DNA polymerase. MIM-Mendelian Inheritance in Man catalogue number from V. McKusick's Mendelian Inheritance in man (OMIM, 1998).

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Smoking and its Effects on Early-Onset Periodontitis

Cited by 108 publications

References 29 publications

Lack of association between the vitamin D receptor polymorphism rs2228570 and chronic periodontitis in a Han Chinese population

Lack of association between the vitamin D receptor polymorphism rs2228570 and chronic periodontitis in a Han Chinese population

Association between Obesity and Chronic Periodontitis: A Cross-sectional Study

The Impact of Molecular Genetics on Oral Health Paradigms

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