Smoking and its relation to the histological type, survival, and prognosis among patients with primary lung cancer

Abstract

The frequency of smoking among patients with primary lung cancer diagnoses admitted to the Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA) during the 1980's was investigated. The objective of this study was to analyze cigarette consumption patterns through the number of cigarettes smoked per day and the age at which smoking began, correlating this data to the overall survival rate and histological type of the lung cancer. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed patients with primary lung cancer diagnosed at the HCPA between January 1980 and December 1989. All patients considered underwent follow-up for at least three years. Patient information was obtained either from the hospital's records or by contacting patients via letter or phone. Results: More than 90 percent of the patients were smokers or had smoked previously; most had started smoking before the age of 20. The overall 24-month survival rate after diagnosis varied depending on whether the patient had smoked less than 40 cigarettes per day or not. The percentage of smokers and non-smokers was established for each histological type, with the bronchoalveolar adenocarcinoma type showing the highest percentage of non-smokers (40 percent). Conclusion:The overall survival rates of patients with lung cancer was related to the number of cigarettes smoked, and not to the fact of the patient having smoked or not. The number of smokers among patients with lung cancer was not so high only for the bronchoalveolar adenocarcinoma histological type.

Profile of patients with lung cancer assisted at the National Cancer Institute, according to their smoking status, from 2000 to 2007

“…The results of the present study are in agreement with previous findings on lung cancer with respect to the predominance of male patients who smoke [19][20][21][22][23] . In a review about the occurrence of lung cancer in the United States, the authors reported that around 10% of the patients were non-smokers and that non-smoking women are more frequently afflicted by this illness in comparison to men who do not smoke 24 .…”

“…We observed a high proportion (43.2%) of patients with adenocarcinomas in the present study. In other national articles, this proportion has varied between 25.0 and 47.4% [19][20][21][22][23] . A review of 12 published studies revealed that the frequency of adenocarcinomas among non-smokers varied between 47.0 and 76.0%, and that the frequency of squamous carcinomas ranged between 3.0 and 27% within the same group 24 .…”

Metabolic Profiling Reveals Distinct Variations Linked to Nicotine Consumption in Humans — First Results from the KORA Study

“…Cigarette smoking is the cause of about 90 percent of the world's lung cancer cases, and accounts for one in four cancer deaths worldwide [2], [3], [4]. Smoking decreases high density lipoprotein (HDL) carrying cholesterol, thus increasing the risk for many cardiovascular diseases.…”

Duration of smoking abstinence as a predictor for non-small-cell lung cancer survival in women

“…A personal history of cigarette smoking has been associated with decreased overall survival among patients receiving treatment for non-smallcell lung cancer (NSCLC) [3][4][5][6][7][8], small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) [9], and all cell types combined [10,11]. Several studies have attempted to assess the impact of smoking cessation on overall survival for NSCLC [7] and SCLC [12,13], as well as on disease-free survival after SCLC treatment [14][15][16].…”