Smoking and the risk of type 2 diabetes

Abstract

Despite accumulating evidence demonstrating strong epidemiological and mechanistic associations between cigarette smoking, hyperglycemia, and the development of type 2 diabetes, tobacco abuse has not been uniformly recognized as a modifiable risk factor in diabetes prevention or screening strategies. In this review, we highlight population-based studies that have linked cigarette smoking with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes and summarize clinical and preclinical studies offering insight into mechanisms through which cigarette smoking and nicotine exposure impact body composition, insulin sensitivity, and pancreatic β cell function. Key questions for future studies are identified and strategies for smoking cessation as a means to decrease diabetes risk are discussed.

Influence of IGF2BP2, HMG20A, and HNF1B genetic polymorphisms on the susceptibility to Type 2 diabetes mellitus in Chinese Han population

“…As we known, genetic, environmental, behavioral, and metabolic risk factors are contributed to the development of T2DM [27]. Obesity (defined by BMI), smoking, and alcohol drinking (especially heavy alcohol consumption) are known risk factors for T2DM [28][29][30]. Smoking increased 1.35-fold the risk of T2DM compared with non-smokers [29].…”

“…Obesity (defined by BMI), smoking, and alcohol drinking (especially heavy alcohol consumption) are known risk factors for T2DM [28][29][30]. Smoking increased 1.35-fold the risk of T2DM compared with non-smokers [29]. Alcohol consumption is related to glycemic control and insulin resistance [30].…”

Impact of cigarette smoking on the relationship between body mass index and insulin: Longitudinal observation from the Bogalusa Heart Study

“…Nicotine acutely increases the levels of various neurotransmitters, such as the systemic release of catecholamines, dopamine and serotonin in the brain, and it suppresses appetite, consequently reducing food intake . The mechanisms involved in smoking‐associated diabetes and insulin resistance have been documented . However, available evidence is inconsistent regarding the association of smoking with insulin resistance and plasma insulin levels.…”

Diabetes Mellitus and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: An Overview

“…Overall, hypoxia, oxidative stress, inflammation, obesity, physical inactivity, smoking and corticosteroid exposure have been proposed as common factors linking DM and COPD [41]. In this context, smoking enhances inflammation and lung damage but it also has metabolic effects, leading to hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance [42,43]. Furthermore, the risk for T2DM was significantly higher in COPD patients than in those without the disease in a nation-wide cohort twin study [44]; the genetic correlation between T2DM and COPD was 43 %.…”