Smoking as a product of gene–environment interaction

Nilsson, Kent W.; Oreland, Lars; Kronstrand, Robert; Leppert, Jerzy

doi:10.1080/03009730902833406

Cited by 17 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…In 2008, Sieminska et al [32] were not so selective in recruiting smoker individuals, similarly to Nilsson et al [36] who selected daily or occasional smokers. These types of selection may not recruit those smokers that really have a high degree of dependence and are probably those that really suffer from great genetic susceptibility.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Association between the STin2 VNTR polymorphism and smoking behavior in oral cancer patients and healthy individuals

et al. 2011

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The serotonergic system may be involved in smoking behavior since the intake of nicotine increases serotonin secretion in the CNS. Moreover, evidence supporting the beneficial effect of selective serotonin reuptake for quitting smoking suggesting that the serotonin transporter (5-HTT) is a plausible target for the understanding and elucidation of smoking behavior. The transcriptional activity of its human gene (SLC6A4) is modulated by a polymorphism described in the second intron, the STin2 VNTR, which thus may interfere with 5-HTT synthesis. In this study was analyzed the polymorphism STin2 VNTR of 60 smokers male patients diagnosed for oral carcinoma, 61 male smokers without cancer and 65 non-smoker healthy blood donors. The STin2. 9 allele carriers were more present in smoker groups (with cancer and without cancer, respectively) than in the non-smoker (OR = 7.11, 95% CI = 0.83-60.91 and OR = 24.73; IC 95% = 3.17-192.66). Conversely, individuals carrying allele 10 were more prevalent in non-smokers compared with smokers (oral cancer patients and individuals without cancer, respectively), showing a protective factor of this allele (OR = 0.56; 95% CI = 0.24-1.33 and OR = 0.46; 95% CI = 0.20-1.07). This is the first report of a study assessing the importance of STin2 VNTR smoking behavior in Brazilian individuals and the association of STin2. 9 allele carriers in nicotine dependence. It is suggested that individuals with low serotonin concentration in the central nervous system, probably due to the presence of the allele for high expression of 5-HTT,especially STin2. 9, were more susceptible to nicotine dependence. Moreover, individuals with the 10 allele might have less risk for nicotine dependence.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Association between the STin2 VNTR polymorphism and smoking behavior in oral cancer patients and healthy individuals

et al. 2011

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“…For example, research examining how childhood trauma may interact with 5-HTTLPR genotype indicates that the homozygous long allele (LL) genotype is associated with a predisposition for increased alcohol use (Barr et al, 2003) and heavier drinking (Laucht et al, 2009). Regarding childhood trauma, the 5-HTTLPR, and cigarette smoking, Nilsson et al (2009) found that adolescents with the Long-Short (LS) genotype who reported unfavorable family environments were more likely to be a smoker and have higher ratings of nicotine dependence. Lerer et al (2006), on the other hand, found no association between 5-HTTLPR and smoking in a population of women who had been exposed to a traumatic life event.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lerer et al (2006), on the other hand, found no association between 5-HTTLPR and smoking in a population of women who had been exposed to a traumatic life event. These two studies are the only reports published to date examining the interaction of 5-HTTLPR and trauma in relation to smoking outcomes, but they are limited because they focused exclusively on women (Lerer et al, 2006) and adolescents (Nilsson et al, 2009), respectively. Additionally, neither study specifically examined traumatic childhood experiences as they interact with 5-HTTLPR.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interpretation of these findings is even more challenging when one considers that much of the previously published work on gene by environment interactions (e.g., Lerer et al, 2006 and Nilsson et al, 2009) did not incorporate the novel discovery of two distinct variants of the L allele—the higher-expressing L A and the lower-expressing L G variants—which indicates that 5-HTTLPR may be functionally tri-allelic rather than bi-allelic (Wendland et al, 2006). Furthermore, analyzing 5-HTTLPR as tri-allelic rather than bi-allelic may explain some of the mixed findings regarding smoking risk and gene by environment interactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Childhood adversity, serotonin transporter (5-HTTLPR) genotype, and risk for cigarette smoking and nicotine dependence in alcohol dependent adults

Mingione

Heffner

Blom

et al. 2012

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Background This study examined the extent to which cigarette smoking and nicotine dependence in adults with alcohol dependence (AD) are associated with adverse childhood experiences. Gender, social support, and an allelic variant in the gene encoding the serotonin transporter (5-HTTLPR) were examined as moderators of this relationship. Methods The Semi-Structured Assessment for the Genetics of Alcoholism- Version II (SSAGA-II) was used to assess DSM-IV diagnoses and cigarette smoking characteristics as well as traumatic life events and social support during childhood in 256 AD men (n=149) and women (n=107). Results An increase in number of adverse childhood events was associated with heightened risk of cigarette use and nicotine dependence. 5-HTTLPR genotype, gender, and social support did not significantly moderate the relationships among childhood adversity and ever-smoking or nicotine dependence. Conclusions Results extend previous findings to suggest that childhood adversity is strongly related to risk for ever-smoking and nicotine dependence in AD individuals. Additional research is needed to examine other potential genetic and environmental moderators and mediators of the relationships among smoking, alcohol use, and childhood trauma.

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“…Thirdly, a number of interacting effects, such as environment [66] and personality [67], are considered to play an important role. For instance, the study of Kent W. Nilsson et al [66] showed that the risk of becoming a smoker for an individual with a combination of the 5-HTTLPR heterozygous Long-Short (LS) genotype and a poor family environment is 13 times than the one with the homozygous Long-Long (LL) genotype and a good family environment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of 5-HTTLPR polymorphism with smoking behaviors: A meta-analysis

Wang

et al. 2015

Physiology & Behavior

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Smoking as a product of gene–environment interaction

Cited by 17 publications

References 52 publications

Association between the STin2 VNTR polymorphism and smoking behavior in oral cancer patients and healthy individuals

Association between the STin2 VNTR polymorphism and smoking behavior in oral cancer patients and healthy individuals

Childhood adversity, serotonin transporter (5-HTTLPR) genotype, and risk for cigarette smoking and nicotine dependence in alcohol dependent adults

Association of 5-HTTLPR polymorphism with smoking behaviors: A meta-analysis

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