Smoking Is Associated With Lower Satisfaction in Nondiabetic Patients Undergoing Minimally Invasive Single-level Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion

Abstract

This was a retrospective review of prospectively collected registry data.Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of smoking on 2 years postoperative functional outcomes, satisfaction, and radiologic fusion in nondiabetic patients undergoing minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) for degenerative spine conditions. Summary of Background Data:There is conflicting data on the effect of smoking on long-term functional outcomes following lumbar fusion. Moreover, there remains a paucity of literature on the influence of smoking within the field of minimally invasive spine surgery.Methods: Prospectively collected registry data of nondiabetic patients who underwent primary single-level minimally invasive TLIF in a single institution was reviewed. Patients were stratified based on smoking history. All patients were assessed preoperatively and postoperatively using the Numerical Pain Rating Scale for back pain and leg pain, Oswestry Disability Index, Short-Form 36 Physical and Mental Component Scores. Satisfaction was assessed using the North American Spine Society questionnaire. Radiographic fusion rates were compared.Results: In total, 187 patients were included, of which 162 were nonsmokers, and 25 had a positive smoking history. In our multivariate analysis, smoking history was insignificant in predicting for minimal clinically important difference attainment rates in Physical Component Score and fusion grading outcomes. However, in terms of satisfaction score, positive smoking history remained a significant predictor (odds ratio = 4.7, 95% confidence interval: 1.10-20.09, P = 0.036).Conclusions: Nondiabetic patients with a positive smoking history had lower satisfaction scores but comparable functional outcomes and radiologic fusion 2 years after single-level TLIF. Thorough preoperative counseling and smoking cessation advice may help to improve patient satisfaction following minimally invasive spine surgery.

What Preoperative Factors Are Associated With Achieving a Clinically Meaningful Improvement and Satisfaction After Single-Level Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion for Degenerative Spondylolisthesis?

“…9,10 Although minimally invasive (MIS) TLIF has been associated with lower blood loss, length of hospitalization and tissue injury than open TLIF, previous studies have shown that both groups of patients achieve comparable clinical and functional outcomes in the long-term 11,12 Several preoperative factors may contribute to poor postoperative outcomes after spine surgery, including smoking, poor preoperative neurological status, and a longer duration of symptoms. [13][14][15] Several perioperative factors such as longer operative duration, longer hospitalization duration, surgical complications and need for revision surgery have also been shown to affect postoperative TLIF outcomes. 16,17 However, there remains a paucity of literature regarding the factors affecting PROMs and attainment of MCID following lumbar fusion, despite the growing recognition of their importance.…”