Smoking links to the severity of COVID‐19: An update of a meta‐analysis

Guo, Fei-Ran

doi:10.1002/jmv.25967

Cited by 42 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…According to the prespecified enrolment plan and matching strategy (Supplementary material), 158 controls matched for age and sex with the 79 Covid-19 cases were enrolled. When this analysis was carried out, 9 out of the 79 cases (11.4%) died 20 [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] days after hospitalization, 38 (48.1%) were discharged after 23 [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32] males, p = 0.92) and body mass index. Cases were less likely ever smokers than controls (22.8% vs 45.6%, p = 0.001.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical features of patients with type 2 diabetes with and without Covid-19: A case control study (CoViDiab I)

Maddaloni

D’Onofrio

Alessandri

et al. 2020

Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice

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Aims To evaluate whether subjects with diabetes hospitalized for Coronavirus disease-19 (Covid-19) represent a subgroup of patients with high-risk clinical features compared to patients with diabetes without Covid-19. Methods In this case-control study 79 patients with type 2 diabetes out of 354 adults hospitalized for Covid-19 and 158 controls with type 2 diabetes but without Covid-19, matched for age and gender, were enrolled. Medical history and concomitant therapies were retrieved from medical charts and compared between cases and controls, controlling for confounders. Results Fully-adjusted multivariate logistic regression model showed that previous CVD history did not differ between patients with and without Covid-19 (odds ratio 1.40, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.59-3.32, p=0.45). A higher prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (OR 3.72, 95%CI: 1.42-9.72, p=0.007) and of chronic kidney disease (CKD) (OR 3.08, 95%CI: 1.18-8.06, p=0.022) and a lower prevalence of ever smokers (OR 0.30, 95%CI: 0.13-0.67, p=0.003), of users of lipid lowering agents (OR 0.26, 95%CI: 0.12-0.54, p<0.001), and of anti-hypertensive drugs (OR 0.39, 95%CI: 0.16-0.93, p=0.033) were found among cases. Conclusions CVD prevalence does not differ between people with diabetes with and without Covid-19 requiring hospitalization. An increased prevalence of COPD and of CKD in Covid-19 patients with type 2 diabetes is suggested. These findings aid to clarify the relationship between underlying conditions and SARS-CoV-2 infection in the high-risk group of patients with diabetes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical features of patients with type 2 diabetes with and without Covid-19: A case control study (CoViDiab I)

Maddaloni

D’Onofrio

Alessandri

et al. 2020

Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice

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“…The lack of clarity on the issue is likely because there has been a lower than expected prevalence of smoking reported in retrospective and observational databases because of incomplete reporting of smoking status in patients in emergency situations. Therefore, some studies reported no increase in smoking-related disease whereas more in depth analyses of demographic data showed an increased risk of severe associated with smoking (Guo, 2020) (Vardavas and Nikitara, 2020) (Zhao et al, 2020). A recent study showed that smoking is a risk factor for more severe COVID-19 among young adults (Adams et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct exposure to SARS-CoV-2 and cigarette smoke increases infection severity and alters the stem cell-derived airway repair response

Purkayastha

Sen

García

et al. 2020

Preprint

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SUMMARYMost demographic studies are now associating current smoking status with increased risk of severe COVID-19 and mortality from the disease but there remain many questions about how direct cigarette smoke exposure affects SARS-CoV-2 airway cell infection. We directly exposed mucociliary air-liquid interface (ALI) cultures derived from primary human nonsmoker airway basal stem cells (ABSCs) to short term cigarette smoke and infected them with live SARS-CoV-2. We found an increase in the number of infected airway cells after cigarette smoke exposure as well as an increased number of apoptotic cells. Cigarette smoke exposure alone caused airway injury that resulted in an increased number of ABSCs, which proliferate to repair the airway. But we found that acute SARS-CoV-2 infection or the combination of exposure to cigarette smoke and SARS-CoV-2 did not induce ABSC proliferation. We set out to examine the underlying mechanism governing the increased susceptibility of cigarette smoke exposed ALI to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Single cell profiling of the cultures showed that infected airway cells displayed a global reduction in gene expression across all airway cell types. Interestingly, interferon response genes were induced in SARS-CoV-2 infected airway epithelial cells in the ALI cultures but smoking exposure together with SARS-CoV-2 infection reduced the interferon response. Treatment of cigarette smoke-exposed ALI cultures with Interferon β-1 abrogated the viral infection, suggesting that the lack of interferon response in the cigarette smoke-exposed ALI cultures allows for more severe viral infection and cell death. In summary, our data show that acute smoke exposure allows for more severe proximal airway epithelial disease from SARS-CoV-2 by reducing the mucosal innate immune response and ABSC proliferation and has implications for disease spread and severity in people exposed to cigarette smoke.

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“…The prognosis factors of COVID-19 patients include age, [ 50 , 58 ] sex, [ 50 , 58 ] obesity, [ 59 ] smoking, [ 55 , 60 – 62 ] C-reactive protein (CRP), D-dimer, and lymphocyte count. [ 50 ]…”

Section: Prognostic Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 59 ] As for smoking, it is very likely to be related to the negative progression and adverse consequences of COVID-19. [ 55 , 60 – 62 ]…”

Section: Prognostic Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review of etiology, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, image findings, and medication of 2019 Corona Virus Disease-19 in Wuhan, China

Ma²,

Bai³

et al. 2020

Medicine

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Background: Unknown origin pneumonia has been furiously spreading since the late of December 2019, subsequently spread to approximately all provinces and areas in China and many countries, which was announced as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern by World Health Organization (WHO). The studies on 2019 Corona Virus Disease-19 (COVID-19) conducted from various fields around the world. Herein, the objective of the present study is to summarize the etiology, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, image findings, traceability analysis, and drug development of COVID-19. Methods: The following electronic databases were searched: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, VIP Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database, and Wanfang Data. Other relevant literature will be manually searched as a compliment. We have reviewed etiology, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, image findings, and medication from case reports and retrospective clinical studies relating to COVID-19 published since the outbreak. Results: The coronavirus is closely related to bat coronavirus and pangolin coronavirus. Besides, the infection pathway is confirmed to be the respiratory and digestive systems. The virus indicates person-to-person transmission and some patients present asymptomatic. The elderly have a higher mortality rate. Rapid and sensitive nucleic acid testing is usually used as a basis for diagnosis. Currently, there is no specific vaccine and antiviral drug. Intervention actions such as travel bans and quarantine adopted have effectively reduced the spread of the epidemic. Conclusion: This systemic review will provide high-quality evidence to summarize etiology, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, image findings, traceability analysis, drug development in patients with COVID-19.

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Smoking links to the severity of COVID‐19: An update of a meta‐analysis

Cited by 42 publications

References 9 publications

Clinical features of patients with type 2 diabetes with and without Covid-19: A case control study (CoViDiab I)

Clinical features of patients with type 2 diabetes with and without Covid-19: A case control study (CoViDiab I)

Direct exposure to SARS-CoV-2 and cigarette smoke increases infection severity and alters the stem cell-derived airway repair response

A systematic review of etiology, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, image findings, and medication of 2019 Corona Virus Disease-19 in Wuhan, China

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