Smørbukk field: Impact of Small Scale Heterogeneity on Gas Cycling Performance

Thibeau, Sylvain

doi:10.2523/75229-ms

Cited by 3 publications

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Reservoir challenges of heterolithic tidal sandstone reservoirs in the Halten Terrace, mid-Norway

Martinius

Ringrose

Brostrøm

et al. 2005

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Production from the Halten Terrace hydrocarbon province (Mid-Norwegian shelf) is mainly from heterolithic siliciclastic successions as well as diagenetically altered sandstones. Eight hydrocarbon fields are currently in production, which produce c . 840 000 BBL oil equivalent per day, with several new fields expected to come on stream in the next decade. This paper is an introduction to a thematic set on the characterization and modelling of heterolithic reservoirs and focuses on the three main types of heterogeneity: (1) heterolithic facies, (2) faulting and (3) diagenesis. Challenges vary according to field setting: shallow (1–3 km burial depth), deep (3–5 km) or very deep (currently up to 5.6 km). Water depths vary from 200 m to 500 m. Heterolithic sedimentary packages are composed of shale or siltstone layers intercalated with clean, but often thin, sandstone layers of varying lateral extent. These were deposited in Lower Jurassic tide-influenced or tide-dominated deltaic and estuarine environments along the margin of a shallow seaway. Hydrocarbon traps are formed by faulted and rotated fault blocks created during rifting. Faulting of these heterolithic facies is a critical parameter for fluid flow, with fault transmissibility and fault position often difficult to determine. Complex patterns of diagenetic cementation are an additional aspect of heterogeneity in the deeply buried reservoirs, such as the Smørbukk and Kristin fields. However, grain coatings of chlorite, illite/chlorite and illite have prevented or hindered the development of quartz overgrowths and allowed the preservation of anomalously high porosity and permeability. Modelling and assessing the impact of these reservoir uncertainties has included development of novel tools and methods, leading to a much-improved level of understanding, better prediction of recoverable reserves and significantly increased recovery factors.

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Reservoir challenges of heterolithic tidal sandstone reservoirs in the Halten Terrace, mid-Norway

Martinius

Ringrose

Brostrøm

et al. 2005

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Comparative Evaluation of Gas-Condensate Enhanced Recovery Methods for Deep Ukrainian Reservoirs: Synthetic Case Study

Burachok

Kondrat

Matkivskyi³

et al. 2021

SPE Europec Featured at 82nd EAGE Conference and Exhibition

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Low value of final condensate recoveries achieved under natural depletion require implementation of enhanced gas recovery (EGR) methods to be implemented for the efficient development of gas-condensate reservoirs. The study was performed using synthetic numerical 9-component compositional simulation model that approximated the typical conditions of deep gas-condensate reservoirs of Dnieper-Donetsk Basin in Easter Ukraine. Injection of water, methane, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, mixture of methane and nitrogen, mixture of methane, ethane and propane at different concentrations were evaluated at 50% and 100% voidage replacement for reservoir fluids with 100 g/m3, 300 g/m3 and 500g/m3 potential condensate yield. Condensate recovery studied at different stages after primary depletion, when reservoir pressure reached 25, 50, 75% from dew point and at pressure of maximum liquid dropout. Results comparison was done based on the two criteria: technical efficiency – incremental condensate recovery towards the base depletion cases and economic efficiency – cumulative NPV. Status of initial depletion as well as voidage replacement have a direct impact on breakthrough time and negative economic indicators. Despite providing the highest incremental condensate recovery by injecting CO2 at 100% voidage, it has a strong negative economic effect. Based on incremental condensate recovery EGR methods are ranked as following for all condensate potential yields and levels of primary depletion: CO2 100%; solvent gas mixture of C1 90%, C2 5%, C3 5%; solvent gas mixture C1 98%, C2 1%, C3 1%; C1 100%; mixture of C1 50% and N2 50%; N2 100%; water. Economically, the highest efficiency was shown for C1 100% injection, due to the fact, that produced re-cycled gas has a sales value as well. For the maximum incremental recovery it is advisable to start the injection as early as possible, while highest economic increments received for the cases of delayed injection, particularly when the reservoir pressure is equal to the pressure of maximum liquid condensation. The results of study can be used a guidance for rapid screening of applicable EGR method for gas-condensate fields depending on depletion stage and potential condensate yield.

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