Sn Negative Electrode Consists of Flexible 3D Structures for Sodium Ion Secondary Batteries

Sodiation–Desodiation Reactions of Various Binary Phosphides as Novel Anode Materials of Na-Ion Battery

“…A possible mechanism of the Sn 4 P 3 electrode can be explained by a complementary effect of Sn and P: elemental Sn acts as a conducting pathway to activate reversible desodiation of nonconductive Na 3 P, while the Na 3 P phase provides a shield matrix preventing Sn aggregation. ,, Our microscopic observation and elemental analysis have clearly demonstrated that the first desodiation of Sn 4 P 3 forms nanostructured domains in which crystalline Sn nanoparticles are dispersed in the amorphous-like P ( a -P) matrix. Okamoto et al also have revealed that nanostructured Sn can effectively improve the cyclability . These experimental results support the possible mechanism of Sn 4 P 3 anode.…”

Regulation of Dendrite-Free Li Plating via Lithiophilic Sites on Lithium-Alloy Surface

“…Li diffuses faster in Li alloys, such as Li 13 In 3 , LiZn, Li 3 Bi, and Li 3 As, compared to Li metal, where the Li dendrite formation and growth can be suppressed significantly. − , The fast Li diffusion can avoid tip effect-induced Li nucleation and thus achieve a uniform Li deposition, whereas a slow Li diffusivity and random Li nucleation process cause a large overpotential. A higher Li diffusion could allow a higher probability for Li to deposit in the vicinity of the substrate instead of being reduced directly on a local protuberant site of the substrate. − Furthermore, the 3D scaffold structure can adjust the volume change and increase the Li diffusion, resulting in high capacity and good cycling stability. ,, For example, the innovative 3D Li/Li 22 Sn 5 nanostructure forming a 3D Li 22 Sn 5 interconnected network provides an easy pathway for Li-ion and electron diffusion, which accelerates the Li diffusion and subsequently suppresses the Li dendrite formation and increases the Coulombic efficiency of LMBs.…”

“…28−30 Furthermore, the 3D scaffold structure can adjust the volume change and increase the Li diffusion, resulting in high capacity and good cycling stability. 7,17,31 For example, the innovative 3D Li/Li 22 Sn 5 nanostructure forming a 3D Li 22 Sn 5 interconnected network provides an easy pathway for Li-ion and electron diffusion, 7 which accelerates the Li diffusion and subsequently suppresses the Li dendrite formation and increases the Coulombic efficiency of LMBs. Although significant efforts have been put into the improvement of the Li plating process from experimental aspects, the fundamental mechanism of the Li deposition process is still unclear.…”