Snow and Ice Control Environmental Best Management Practices

Fay, Laura; Nazari, Mehdi Honarvar; Jungwirth, Scott; Muthumani, Anburaj

doi:10.1061/9780784479285.013

Cited by 9 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Although a costly option, salt storage structures should be permanent, four‐sided structures with an impervious concrete base (Fay et al . 2015). This will prevent the greatest economic loss of material and is the best option to protect surrounding waters.…”

Section: Are There Solutions?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Storm-specific strategies prevent salt overapplication and can reduce seasonal salt need by 50% (Nixon and DeVries 2015), and may represent one of the most important BMPs (Fay et al 2013(Fay et al , 2015Nixon and DeVries 2015). Calibrating salt spreaders or sprayer equipment at the beginning of and during winter, and when switching between deicer types, are also essential for avoiding overapplication (Fay et al 2015).…”

Section: Are There Solutions?mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Road salts, human safety, and the rising salinity of our fresh waters

Hintz¹,

Fay

Relyea

2021

Frontiers in Ecol & Environ

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In the US, 70% of the population lives in regions that experience snow and ice. Road deicing salts reduce vehicular accident rates in these regions by >78% but have led to dramatic increases in freshwater salinity. To seek environmental management and policy solutions, we ask: (1) how much salt is used and where is it applied, (2) do current agency thresholds protect freshwater biota, (3) are deicing salts affecting our water supplies, and (4) how can we curb salinization from deicing salts? Use of deicing salts has tripled over the past 45 years and blankets much of the US. There is an urgent need to reassess inadequate thresholds to protect freshwater biota and our drinking water supplies. Given the lack of ecologically friendly and cost‐effective alternatives, broad‐scale adoption of best management practices is necessary to curb the increasing salinization of freshwater ecosystems resulting from the use of deicing salts.

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Section: Are There Solutions?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Are There Solutions?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Road salts, human safety, and the rising salinity of our fresh waters

Hintz¹,

Fay

Relyea

2021

Frontiers in Ecol & Environ

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“…Snow and ice removal can be achieved through physical means (e.g., plowing) and the use of chemicals such as sodium chloride (NaCl), magnesium chloride (MgCl 2 ), calcium chloride (CaCl 2 ), potassium chloride (KCl), sodium acetate (NaAc), potassium acetate (KAc), calcium magnesium acetate (CMA), sodium formate (NaFm), potassium formate (KFm), ethylene glycol (C 2 H 6 O 2 ), propylene glycol (C 3 H 8 O 2 ), and urea (CH 4 N 2 O) (Fay et al, 2015a, 2015b; Shi et al, 2009). Such chemicals are either applied proactively (in anti‐icing operations) to prevent the bond of snow/ice to the pavement, or applied reactively (in deicing operations) to weaken the bond and facilitate easy removal by plows and traffic.…”

Section: Deicers and Their Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, Hanbali (1994) pointed out the need to examine the indirect costs of WRM operations (such as air quality) and the impact of weather condition on these costs. In this regard, the analysis showed that the use of weather information could significantly diminish the costs of WRM operations and their impact on the environment (Fay et al, 2015a; Hans et al, 2014). Strategies developed to mitigate the effects of deicers are described later in the Section titled ‘Suggestions to minimize the adverse effect of deicers’.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicological impacts of roadway deicers on aquatic resources and human health: A review

Nazari

Potapova

McIntyre

et al. 2021

Water Environment Research

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During winter, snow and ice on roads in regions with cold weather can increase traffic crashes and casualties, resulting in travel delays and financial burdens to society. Anti‐icing or deicing the roads can serve a cost‐effective method to significantly reduce such risks. Although traditionally the main priorities of winter road maintenance (WRM) have been level of service, cost‐effectiveness, and corrosion reduction, it is increasingly clear that understanding the environmental impacts of deicers is vital. One of the most important problems in this regard is environmental contamination caused by cumulative use of deicers, which has many detrimental effects on the aquatic systems. Among the deicers, the chloride‐based ones raise the most toxicological concerns because they are highly soluble, can migrate quickly in the environment and have cumulative effects over time. In this review, we summarize and organize existing data, including the latest findings about the adverse effects of deicers on surface water and groundwater, aquatic species, and human health, and identify future research priorities. In addition, the data provided can be used to develop a framework for quantifying some of the variables that stakeholders and agencies use when preparing guidelines and standards for WRM programs. Practitioner points Pollution from the increasing use of roadway deicers may have detrimental effects on the environment. Of particular concern are the acute and cumulative risks that chloride salts pose to aquatic species. Chloride salts are water‐soluble, very difficult to remove, highly mobile, and non‐degradable. Deicers cause water stratification, change the chemicophysical properties of water, and affect aquatic species and human health. Current guidelines may not be appropriate for environmental protection and need to be revised.

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“…Chloride-based deicers have been used extensively in winter road maintenance operations [24,37]. Since these chemicals are water soluble and corrosive, they can pose a great risk on the integrity, performance, and service life of steel structures (and components) [7,43].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanism of corrosion protection in chloride solution by an apple-based green inhibitor: experimental and theoretical studies

Nazari

Shihab

Havens

et al. 2020

J Infrastruct Preserv Resil

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Preservation of metals in infrastructures and other assets requires cost-effective and sustainable solutions such as green corrosion inhibitors. This study assesses an apple pomace-derived green inhibitor synthesized by an innovative zero-waste method. Electrochemical measurements revealed the high performance of this liquid extract in reducing the corrosion of carbon steel in NaCl brine. The chemical composition of this inhibitor was characterized by liquid chromatography mass spectroscopy (LC-MS) to shed light on the corrosion inhibition mechanism. Based on LC-MS analysis, the results of surface analysis were interpreted. Specifically, the major corrosion inhibitor agent in the apple pomace extract was determined as C 26 H 50 NO 7 P (1-Linoleoylsn-glycero-3-phosphocholine), which can adsorb onto the steel surface to form a barrier layer and serve as a blocker of active anodic sites. Further study showed that the apple extract adsorption follows the Langmuir isotherm, and physical adsorption is dominant (vs. chemical adsorption). Theoretical calculations using quantum chemistry proposed a physisorption mechanism for the protection of steel by C 26 H 50 NO 7 P molecules.

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Snow and Ice Control Environmental Best Management Practices

Cited by 9 publications

References 5 publications

Road salts, human safety, and the rising salinity of our fresh waters

Road salts, human safety, and the rising salinity of our fresh waters

Toxicological impacts of roadway deicers on aquatic resources and human health: A review

Mechanism of corrosion protection in chloride solution by an apple-based green inhibitor: experimental and theoretical studies

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