SNOWY COTYLEDON 2 Promotes Chloroplast Development and Has a Role in Leaf Variegation in Both Lotus japonicus and Arabidopsis thaliana

Zagari, Nicola; Sandoval-Ibáñez, Omar; Sandal, Niels; Su, Junjing; Rodríguez‐Concepción, Manuel; Stougaard, Jens; Pribil, Mathias; Leister, Dario; Pulido, Pablo

doi:10.1016/j.molp.2017.02.009

Cited by 32 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Thus, it was suggested that the defects are specific to the development of chloroplasts from proplastids/eoplasts in cotyledons, and SCO proteins were assumed to be cotyledon-specific factors (Waters and Langdale, 2009). However, under short-day conditions, smaller and pale-green true leaves can be observed in sco2 mutants, and disruption of SCO2 in Lotus japonicus results not only in paler cotyledons but also in variegated true leaves (Zagari et al, 2017).…”

Section: Pp7l Acts As a Positive Regulator Of Chloroplast Developmentmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In consequence, some proteins that were previously classified as being specific for chloroplast development in cotyledons or true leaves are less specific than was once thought. More sensitive phenotyping methods like Imaging PAM analysis (this study) or the application of diverse growth conditions (as in the case of sco2; Zagari et al, 2017) will be instrumental in the future analysis of mutants that appear to be specifically affected at certain developmental stages.…”

Section: Pp7l Acts As a Positive Regulator Of Chloroplast Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Extrachloroplastic PP7L Functions in Chloroplast Development and Abiotic Stress Tolerance

Marino

Klingl

et al. 2019

Plant Physiol.

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Chloroplast biogenesis is indispensable for proper plant development and environmental acclimation. In a screen for mutants affected in photosynthesis, we identified the protein phosphatase7-like (pp7l) mutant, which displayed delayed chloroplast development in cotyledons and young leaves. PP7L, PP7, and PP7-long constitute a subfamily of phosphoprotein phosphatases. PP7 is thought to transduce a blue-light signal perceived by crys and phy a that induces expression of SIGMA FACTOR5 (SIG5). We observed that, like PP7, PP7L was predominantly localized to the nucleus in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), and the pp7l phenotype was similar to that of the sig6 mutant. However, SIG6 expression was unaltered in pp7l mutants. Instead, loss of PP7L compromised translation and ribosomal RNA (rRNA) maturation in chloroplasts, pointing to a distinct mechanism influencing chloroplast development. Promoters of genes deregulated in pp7l-1 were enriched in PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR (PIF)-binding motifs and the transcriptome of pp7l-1 resembled those of pif and CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENESIS1 (COP1) signalosome complex (csn) mutants. However, pif and csn mutants, as well as cop1, cryptochromes (cry)1 cry2, and phytochromes (phy)A phyB mutants, do not share the pp7l photosynthesis phenotype. PhyB protein levels were elevated in pp7l mutants, but phyB overexpression plants did not resemble pp7l. These results indicate that PP7L operates through a different pathway and that the control of greening and photosystem biogenesis can be separated. The lack of PP7L increased susceptibility to salt and high-light stress, whereas PP7L overexpression conferred resistance to highlight stress. Strikingly, PP7L was specifically recruited to Brassicales for the regulation of chloroplast development. This study adds another player involved in chloroplast biogenesis.

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Section: Pp7l Acts As a Positive Regulator Of Chloroplast Developmentmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Pp7l Acts As a Positive Regulator Of Chloroplast Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extrachloroplastic PP7L Functions in Chloroplast Development and Abiotic Stress Tolerance

Marino

Klingl

et al. 2019

Plant Physiol.

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“…In vivo room temperature chlorophyll a fluorescence of leaves was analyzed using an Imaging PAM chlorophyll fluorometer equipped with the computer-operated PAM control unit IMAG-MAXI (Walz) as described previously (Zagari et al, 2017). The minimal fluorescence (F 0 ) was measured after acclimation for at least 30 min in the dark.…”

Section: Chlorophyll Fluorescence Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

CHLOROPLAST RIBOSOME ASSOCIATED Supports Translation under Stress and Interacts with the Ribosomal 30S Subunit

et al. 2018

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Chloroplast ribosomes, which originated from cyanobacteria, comprise a large subunit (50S) and a small subunit (30S) containing ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) and various ribosomal proteins. Genes for many chloroplast ribosomal proteins, as well as proteins with auxiliary roles in ribosome biogenesis or functioning, reside in the nucleus. Here, we identified Arabidopsis () CHLOROPLAST RIBOSOME ASSOCIATED (CRASS), a member of the latter class of proteins, based on the tight coexpression of its mRNA with transcripts for nucleus-encoded chloroplast ribosomal proteins. CRASS was acquired during the evolution of embryophytes and is localized to the chloroplast stroma. Loss of CRASS results in minor defects in development, photosynthetic efficiency, and chloroplast translation activity under controlled growth conditions, but these phenotypes are greatly exacerbated under stress conditions induced by the translational inhibitors lincomycin and chloramphenicol or by cold treatment. The CRASS protein comigrates with chloroplast ribosomal particles and coimmunoprecipitates with the 16S rRNA and several chloroplast ribosomal proteins, particularly the plastid ribosomal proteins of the 30S subunit (PRPS1 and PRPS5). The association of CRASS with PRPS1 and PRPS5 is independent of rRNA and is not detectable in yeast two-hybrid experiments, implying that either CRASS interacts indirectly with PRPS1 and PRPS5 via another component of the small ribosomal subunit or that it recognizes structural features of the multiprotein/rRNA particle. CRASS plays a role in the biogenesis and/or stability of the chloroplast ribosome that becomes critical under certain stressful conditions when ribosomal activity is compromised.

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“…Genes involved in the variegation pattern formation have been cloned in monocot and dicot species (e.g. Wu et al, 1999; Chen et al, 2000; Takechi et al, 2000; Prikryl et al, 2008; Hayashi-Tsugane et al, 2014; Wang et al, 2016; Zheng et al, 2016; Guan et al, 2017; Zagari et al, 2017). Despite the advances of identifying the underlying genes, insights to the molecular mechanisms controlling the phenomenon are rare (Sakamoto, 2003; Yu et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaf Variegation and Impaired Chloroplast Development Caused by a Truncated CCT Domain gene inalbostriansBarley

Hensel

Mascher

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Chloroplasts fuel plant development and growth by converting solar into chemical energy. They mature from proplastids through the concerted action of genes in both the organellar and the nuclear genome. Defects in such genes impair chloroplast development and may lead to pigment-deficient seedlings or seedlings with variegated leaves. Such mutants are instrumental as tools for dissecting genetic factors underlying the mechanisms involved in chloroplast biogenesis. Characterization of the green-white variegated albostrians mutant of barley has greatly broadened the field of chloroplast biology including the discovery of retrograde signaling. Here, we report the identification of the ALBOSTRIANS gene HvAST by positional cloning as well as its functional validation based on independently induced mutants by TILLING and RNA-guided Cas9 endonuclease mediated gene editing. The phenotypes of the independent HvAST mutants imply residual activity of HvAST in the original albostrians allele conferring an imperfect penetrance of the variegated phenotype even at homozygous state of the mutation. HvAST is a homolog of the Arabidopsis thaliana CCT Motif transcription factor gene AtCIA2, which was reported to be involved in the expression of nuclear genes essential for chloroplast biogenesis. Interestingly, in barley we localized HvAST to the chloroplast indicating novel without any clear evidence of nuclear localization.One-sentence summaryLeaf variegation in the barley mutant albostrians is caused by mutation of a single CCT-domain containing gene with residual activity, which is directed to the chloroplast.

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SNOWY COTYLEDON 2 Promotes Chloroplast Development and Has a Role in Leaf Variegation in Both Lotus japonicus and Arabidopsis thaliana

Cited by 32 publications

References 61 publications

Extrachloroplastic PP7L Functions in Chloroplast Development and Abiotic Stress Tolerance

Extrachloroplastic PP7L Functions in Chloroplast Development and Abiotic Stress Tolerance

CHLOROPLAST RIBOSOME ASSOCIATED Supports Translation under Stress and Interacts with the Ribosomal 30S Subunit

Leaf Variegation and Impaired Chloroplast Development Caused by a Truncated CCT Domain gene inalbostriansBarley

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