Political parties and movements associated with 'nationalist' aspirations provide fascinating case studies for rhetorical analysis. The success of their oratory depends crucially on pathos, drawing on the evocative idea of the nation. Nationalism also tends to spawn leaders who exemplify ethos, either through their record of commitment, their personal charisma, or both. The chief difficulty for nationalist movements relates to logos. Nationalists can certainly impress their audience through their detailed knowledge of the evils that currently beset the nation. However, even if a nationalist orator has a feasible plan to overcome these evils, it is much more difficult to unveil a convincing strategy for the long-term future. At that point, the successful nationalist is confronted by questions about (for example) the accumulation and allocation of national resources. These are the questions which threaten to cause divisions even before the nationalist movement is in a position to deal with them, and to leave an audience thinking that the nationalist prospectus provides excellent material for oratory, but would never work in practice. Even if the Scottish National Party (SNP) was an insignificant force in British politics, this longestablished party (founded under its familiar name in 1934) would be an interesting subject for rhetorical analysis. In the 1960s, when the party had only one Westminster MP, it was capable of 2 attracting considerable publicity across the United Kingdom as a whole. After the 1997 general election the SNP had become Scotland's third party, thanks to the electoral demise of the Conservatives; it held six seats compared to ten Liberal Democrat and 56 Labour MPs. Its subsequent rise was dramatic, even sensational. Contrary to the hopes of the 'New Labour' champions of devolution within the UK, the SNP received a considerable fillip from Scottish self-government. In the first Scottish Parliament, elected in 1999, it returned 35 representatives, and in 2007 it became the largest party in the Parliament (47 MSPs compared to Labour's 46). The SNP leader Alex Salmond became Scotland's First Minister, and his party formed a minority administration. In the 2011 Scottish Parliamentary elections it secured a comfortable overall majority (despite an electoral system which had been chosen to prevent this eventuality); and in the 2015 Westminster elections it won all but three of the 59 Scottish seats. The rhetoric of nationalism always merits scholarly attention, and the SNP is undoubtedly a successful and significant exemplar. However, the question remains whether the party deserves inclusion in a volume devoted to 'voices of the left'. Much research has been conducted into the ideological flexibility of the SNP. It claims to be 'civic nationalist' rather than 'ethnic nationalist'that is to say, its members and activists are portrayed as being interested in the politics and economics of the territory of Scotland, and not in the ethnic, racial or religious backgrounds of people who identify as 'Scots' ...