SnS/Ti₃C₂T_x (MXene) Nanohybrid-Based Wearable Electromechanical Sensors for Sign-to-Text Translation and Sitting Posture Analysis

Abstract

The challenges involved in realizing next-generation applications, like robotics, artificial electronic skin, noninvasive healthcare monitoring, motion detection, and so forth, enabled with wireless human-machine interfaces, present a growing need for high-performance flexible and wearable multifunctional electromechanical sensors. In this regard, emerging classes of two-dimensional nanomaterials and their hybrids show excellent promise as active sensing materials, given their high flexibility and remarkable sensitivity to external pressure and strain. This report is the first demonstration of SnS/Ti3C2T x nanohybrid-based electromechanical sensors for use in applications like sign-to-text translation and sitting posture analysis. The as-fabricated piezoresistive sensor exhibits a high gauge factor and sensitivity value, that is, 7.41 and 7.49 kPa–1, respectively. Furthermore, the nanohybrid-based sensor displayed a negligible change in performance over ∼3500 and ∼2500 cycles for both pressure and strain characterizations, indicating high robustness and exceptional stability. The underlying intrinsic piezoresistive mechanism in layered nanomaterials and the Ohmic contact formed at the SnS/Ti3C2T x heterojunction are explained in detail with the help of energy band diagrams wherein the work function and the E homo values are extracted experimentally by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy for both SnS and Ti3C2T x . The successful demonstration of sign-to-text translation and e-cushion applications using SnS/Ti3C2T x nanohybrid-based piezoresistive sensors will further expand the scope of flexible and wearable electronics research.

Perylene Diimide (PDI) based Flexible Multifunctional Sensor Design for Personal Healthcare Monitoring‐ A Complementary Approach Involving Experimental and Theoretical Investigations

“…Essentially, the analytical performance of such kind of device usually depends on the electrical conductivity (or the extent of charge transport) within the materials, which is primarily governed by the intrinsic characteristics (e.g., intermolecular arrangement, molecular structure) and some extrinsic physical parameters like temperature, pressure, strain, etc. [12][13][14] Moreover, such organic molecule-based electronic device materials are biocompatible as well as environmentally sustainable compared to their inorganic analogs. The precise control over the charge transfer process allows the PDI-based fabricated thin films as an excellent flexible sensor for pressure and breath gas.…”

Wearable Sensors Based on Atomically Thin P‐Type Semiconductors

“…P-Type 2D Semiconductors-Based Wearable Strain Sensor: Heart rate monitoring, [4] posture analysis, [5] and other applications of wearable strain sensors are intimately connected with human health. The performance of strain sensors is assessed by Gauge factor (GF), which is defined by the response (resistance or capacitance) per applied strain.…”

“…[3] By continually monitoring longitudinal trends in vital signs, wearable devices offer the capability to yield a more thorough understanding of endogenous metabolic and stress processes related to an individual's health condition. [1] Wearable devices allow the possibility to extract physiological and psychological information by capturing a plethora of physical and chemical signals, such as heart rate, [4] posture, [5] respiration rate, [6] the composition of exhaled gas, [7,8] or perspiration. [9] 2D materials exhibit exceptional physical and chemical properties, making them promising materials for human wearables.…”

Advances in the Robustness of Wearable Electronic Textiles: Strategies, Stability, Washability and Perspective

“…So far, e-textiles Nanomaterials 2022, 12, 2039 2 of 47 have been proposed to be utilized in different areas, i.e., healthcare [7,8], sensing [9,10], defense [11,12], sports [13,14], personal protection [15,16], fashion [17,18], energy [19,20], thermal management [21,22], magnetic shielding [23,24], communication [25,26], etc. The incorporation of metal nanoparticles (silver [27,28], gold [29,30], copper [31,32], zinc oxide [33,34], gallium [35,36], platinum [37,38], aluminum [39,40], nickel [41,42], cobalt [43,44], tin [45,46], etc. ), carbon nanomaterials (carbon nanotube [47,48], graphene [49,50], carbon black [51,52], activated carbon [53,…”