“…It is crucial to develop efficient anode materials with high energy density, stable structure, and fast Na + diffusion channels. Although many anode materials for SIBs have been studied, such as intercalation [ 11 , 12 , 13 ], organic [ 14 , 15 , 16 ], conversion [ 17 , 18 , 19 ], alloying [ 20 , 21 , 22 ], and conversion-alloying materials [ 23 , 24 , 25 ], there is still a need to modify the existing anode materials or develop advanced anode materials with high capacity and good cycling performance, which is of great significance to realizing their practical applications.…”