“…14,15 Band gap engineering has emerged as a hotspot center for various research studies, which include the synthesis and immobilization of nanoparticles, fabrication of z-scheme based photocatalysts, etc. [16][17][18] The artificial conjugation of hydrogels and inorganic components has garnered significant attention due to its crucial applications across various fields, such as cancer therapy, drug delivery systems, 19 enzyme immobilization, 20 biomedical applications, and more. 21 Hydrogels provide a hydrophilic matrix within the polymeric structure and can absorb water up to thousands of times their dry weight.…”