Sobre bonanzas y dependencia : petróleo y enfermedad holandesa en el Ecuador

Fontaine, Guillaume

doi:10.17141/iconos.13.2002.628

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…Petroleum is a non-renewable resource of economic importance for several countries [1], including Ecuador. However, crude oil exploitation is a highly contaminant industry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon Degradation by Endophytic Fungi from the Ecuadorian Amazon

Marín¹,

Navarrete²,

Narváez-Trujillo³

2018

AiM

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The capacity of 133 fungal endophyte isolates for degrading petroleum hydrocarbons was evaluated. The endophytes were isolated from leaf and stem tissues from 23 plants collected in a natural habitat contaminated with crude oil in southwestern Ecuador. Their capacity for hydrocarbon biodegradation was tested by an in vitro colorimetric qualitative test during 10 days, using the Minimal Salt Medium and crude oil as the carbon source. Taxonomic identification of the endophytic fungi that showed bioactivity in the qualitative test was carried out by analysis of the ITS gene of the region 18S of the rDNA. Endophytes showed the best results in the previous qualitative test where selected for a quantitative in vitro test for 30 days. Residual hydrocarbons were tracked by infrared spectroscopy (IR) and gas chromatography (GC) with a flame ionization detector. The maximum removal rates of total petroleum hydrocarbons were 99.6% (IR) and 99.8% (GC), corresponding to fungi of the genus Verticillium sp. and Xylaria sp. 1 respectively. This is the first report of biodegradation of crude oil hydrocarbons by endophytic fungi in a tropical ecosystem. The results suggest these fungal isolates are potential hydrocarbon biodegraders that could be used in bioremediation processes.

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“…Petroleum is a non-renewable resource of economic importance for several countries [1], including Ecuador. However, crude oil exploitation is a highly contaminant industry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon Degradation by Endophytic Fungi from the Ecuadorian Amazon

Marín¹,

Navarrete²,

Narváez-Trujillo³

2018

AiM

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“…Generally, three specific explanations for the existence of ECK have been proposed: (i) the first one corresponds to the analysis that the environment can go from being a normal good to a luxury good, (ii) the second one makes a brief reference to countries going through technological life cycles when they move from primary sector economies to tertiary sector economies, and (iii) the third one emphasizes the demand for international relocation of industries [28].…”

Section: Theory About the Kuznets Environmental Curvementioning

confidence: 99%

Kuznets Environmental Curve for Ecuador: An Analysis of the Impact of Economic Growth on the Environment

Jiménez¹,

Moncada²,

Ochoa-Jiménez³

et al. 2019

Sustainability

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In the present investigation, an analysis of the impact of economic growth on the environment during the period 1971-2015 in Ecuador was made. The hypothesis of the environmental Kuznets curve was used as a study tool. We estimated this relationship in a country with strong dependence on revenues from the exploitation of natural resources and a low level of industry participation in gross domestic product (GDP). To generate empirical evidence, the methodology of the third degree Almon polynomial was applied with three lags in time. The variables were examined by informal econometric tests such as graphs of time series, stationarity, and seasonality as well as formal differences such as Dickey Fuller to check the effectiveness of their contribution in the research. Finally, the results reveal a direct, positive relationship in the short term between economic growth and CO 2 emissions. The confirmation of the hypothesis opens the door to the discussion of optimal conditions of production while minimizing pollution, which is a dilemma that states face since they require a way to produce while maintaining a healthy and balanced environment.

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“…Se puede observar el protagonismo que gana el sector extractivo especialmente durante la década de 1980, y manteniéndose como una de las ramas de actividad económica más dinámicas durante el Ambiente y Sostenibilidad 2015 (5): 118-130 Revista del Doctorado Interinstitucional en Ciencias Ambientales ISSN: 2339-3122 Digital resto del período de análisis. Esto demuestra cómo la política económica basada en la bonanza petrolera de los setenta fue el origen de la crisis de la deuda de los ochenta, crisis que llevó a la liberalización del sector de los hidrocarburos en los noventa y a una progresiva pérdida de control de la política estatal petrolera (Fontaine 2013 1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 Productos Éste cambio estructural también puede identificarse cuando se analiza la balanza comercial del país. En la Figura 4 se presenta el origen de los productos exportables según su participación en el total de exportaciones, evolución quinquenal desde 1970 hasta 2014.…”

Section: Evidencias Del Extractivismo En Colombia Y Demás Países De Lunclassified

Caracterización Del Proceso De Especialización De La Economía Colombiana Hacia El Sector Extractivo

Sarmiento-Castillo¹,

Pérez-Rincón²

2016

AyS

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ResumenDiversos autores afirman que un gran número de países latinoamericanos están reprimarizando sus economías.Colombia no ha sido la excepción, y aunque tradicionalmente ha basado su aparato productivo en actividades del sectorprimario, como agricultura, ganadería, explotación maderera, de minerales e hidrocarburos, en las últimas dos décadasse puede observar un fenómeno reprimarizador más agudo hacia el sector minero-energético. Las investigacionesrelacionadas con las implicaciones del extractivismo, en términos económicos, se concentran en términos generales haciael crecimiento económico como variable de interés. En este sentido, el presente estudio busca aportar argumentos aaquellas críticas sobre las ventajas que en materia económica ha dejado el modelo extractivista en Colombia. Para ellose parte de las evidencias que dan cuenta del tipo de Extractivismo implantado en el país, haciendo énfasis en los factoresque lo han promovido, y finalmente en los resultados en términos macroeconómicos obtenidos por el mismo,específicamente en el crecimiento económico, la demanda de mano de obra local y el deterioro de los términos deintercambio. El documento termina con algunas conclusiones derivadas de los resultados de la investigación.Palabras claves: Economía colombiana, Extractivismo, Minería, Reprimarización, Términos de intercambio.

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Sobre bonanzas y dependencia : petróleo y enfermedad holandesa en el Ecuador

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon Degradation by Endophytic Fungi from the Ecuadorian Amazon

Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon Degradation by Endophytic Fungi from the Ecuadorian Amazon

Kuznets Environmental Curve for Ecuador: An Analysis of the Impact of Economic Growth on the Environment

Caracterización Del Proceso De Especialización De La Economía Colombiana Hacia El Sector Extractivo

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