Soccer Cleats With Blade-Shaped Studs and Mechanical Overload in Soccer: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Soccer cleats with blade-shaped studs promote greater traction on the pitch and can be beneficial for soccer performance. On the other hand, movements with rapid changes of direction, associated with the high traction of soccer cleats, can increase overload and risk of injuries. Given the lack of consensus on the effects of these cleats on mechanical overload during specific soccer movements, the aim of this systematic review was to determine the effects of wearing cleats with bladed studs on mechanical overload in soccer. A search was conducted in the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science electronic databases between October and November 2017. Non-original articles were excluded, as were those not related to soccer or cleats, and those not written in English. Eight articles were included that tested the effects of bladed studs on overload and that used biomechanical tests. The tasks evaluated were: running in a straight line or with changes of direction, and landing of jumps. The resulting joint torque, soil reaction force, electromyography, and plantar pressure were measured. There was no influence of bladed shaped studs on joint torque or on ground reaction force. There was an increase in plantar pressure on the lateral part of the foot in bladed studs compared to Society cleats and running shoes. When compared with round studs, the results were inconclusive for plantar pressure. Round studs, caused greater electromyographic activity in the quadriceps muscles than bladed studs. It was concluded that wearing bladed-stud cleats does not result in greater mechanical overload during running or landing of jumps. Evidence Level I, Systematic Review.

A Novel Deep Learning Technique for Higher Education System

“…e network parameters of each stage are processed by the standard stochastic gradient descent method. e second and subsequent stages share the corresponding convolutional layer network weight values to obtain the result of sharing the image feature map [20,21]. CNN is the last stage of ECPM.…”

Watch winder based on the internet of things

“…In order to keep automatic mechanical clocks running, a clock winder that is capable of movements is required. So that users can use the clock without having to manually alter the time, date, or other features [3], [4].…”