The nanopattern of highly ordered and uniform Au nanoporous membranes with different sizes and thicknesses and the downscaling approach through the combination of colloidal based nanosphere lithography (NSL) and thermal evaporation was proposed to fabricate an extending-gate field effect transistor (EGFET) membrane. The fabrication involved the use of PS nanospheres templates of 500 nm and 100 nm in diameters and various Au thickness of 10, 25 and 40 nm. Carried out in the detection of Staphylococcus aureus 16S rRNA hybridization test with analytical range of 10 1 -10 6 pM DNA targets, the smaller the Au nanoporous diameter made up by the thicker Au layer produced a gradual improvement in potentiometric study. The Au-nanoporous produced by the thickest Au film at 40 nm and smaller diameter of PS nanospheres (100 nm) demonstrated the most optimum threshold voltage shift and limit of detection (LOD) of ∼1 pM altogether with remarkable specificity in the presence of highly concentrated non-specific DNA of other pathogens. Analytical outcomes point out that smaller, periodic and uniform nanoporous EGFET membrane facilitated the larger hybridization signal due to the higher active surface area enabling the more optimum control of DNA orientation and immobilization. The replacement of Ion Selective Field Effect Transistor (ISFET) with extending gate FET (EGFET) structure has brought electrochemical DNA sensor to a new era of semiconductor genetics. EGFET enables the isolation of the sensing membrane apart from the MOS-FET part and offers numbers of advantages including cost-effective fabrication, simple structure, packaging simplicity, long term stability, resistance to light and temperature and also disposable gate. 1,2In constructing an extending gate, beside a variety of metallic thin films, nanoporous materials act as a potential candidate for sensing membrane materials owing to its higher surface area to volume ratio than the planar surface due to its three-dimensional topography which inherently results in signal amplification.3,4 Small pore diameter establishment has greatly targeted and aroused attention in sensor fabrication due to its excellent capabilities in providing greater sensitivity and performance related to the reinforcement of ion transport and molecules translocation. 5,6 Numbers of studies focused on porous FET with a range of size from meso to macropores (nm scales) and with different materials. Semiconductive organic network, e.g Ni 3 (HITP) 2 , 7 nanoporous silicon 8-10 and porous platinum 11 have also been proven effective in numbers of chemical sensors since they provide a wide range of application on voltage-gated ion channels or microfluidic chips beneficial for sensitivity improvement in ion or gas sensor. Nevertheless, these nanoporous structures are somehow generated in a z E-mail: cslai@mail.cgu.edu.tw randomly disoriented structure while the downscaling of the pore size with simple and cost-effective techniques and instrumentation remains challenging. The emergence of a highly oriente...

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AbstrakSistem double inverted pendulum digunakan untuk mengkaji metode kontrol dari sistem nonlinear yang kompleks. Pada sistem tersebut ditemukan tiga permasalahan, yaitu swing-up, stabilisasi, dan tracking. Pada penelitian ini digunakan metode LQR-Bat Algorithm untuk mengoptimasi kestabilan pada sebuah double inverted pendulum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penggunaan Bat Algorithm pada metode LQR dapat menyelesaikan permasalahan stabilisasi. Pada iterasi ke 300-400 terjadi pengurangan nilai fitness yang menghasilkan fungsi SSE bernilai semakin kecil. Kata-kata kunci: double inverted pendulum, Bat-Algorithm, LQR AbstractThe double inverted pendulum system is used to examine the control methods of complex nonlinear systems. In the system three problems were found, namely swing-up, stabilization, and tracking. In this study, the LQR-Bat Algorithm method is used to optimize stability in a double inverted pendulum. In this study, the LQR-Bat Algorithm method is used to optimize stability in a double inverted pendulum. The results show that the use of Bat Algorithm in the LQR method can solve stabilization problems. n the 300-400 iteration there is a decrease in fitness value which results in a smaller value SSE function.

Pembuatan modul ajar solar panel dengan data logger grafik PIV kemudian data dapat disimpan pada micro SD. Bertujuan sebagai standart praktikum berkaitan dengan renewable energy di Politeknik Negeri Malang. Sistem kerja modul yaitu solar panel menerima cahaya lampu halogen kemudian akan diterima sebagai data input oleh solar charger controller untuk pengisian daya otomatis sesuai kebutuhan inverter, yaitu 12 VDC akan diubah menjadi 220 VAC. Data logger akan menyimpan data sensor PZEM-004T dan INA-219, kemudian output PIV di-plot sebagai grafik. Beban dapat langsung diamati pada keluaran DC/AC. Solarpanel-monocrystalline 10WP pada cahaya lampu halogen 150 watt didapatkan 2170 lux jarak 50cm. Pengecasan accu otomatis cutt-off pada tegangan >13.9 VDC menjadi input lampu DC/motor DC ataupun inverter tegangan AC menjadi input lampu AC/kipas AC dengan tegangan dropdown maksimal 20%. Plotter data ditampilkan dengan komunikasi serial data logger grafik PIV-IV-PV dan sinyal sinusoidal/square sebagai analisa.   Making solar panel teaching modules with PIV(power, current, and voltage) graphic data loggers, then data can be stored on micro SD. They were aiming as a practical standard related to renewable energy in Malang State Polytechnic. The module work system that is solar panel receives the halogen lamp light will then be received as input data by the solar charger controller for automatic charging according to the needs of the inverter, i.e., 12 VDC will change to 220 VAC. The data logger will store PZEM-004T and INA-219 sensor data, and then the PIV output is plotted as a graph. The load can direct observed at the DC / AC output. 10WP solar panel-monocrystalline in a 150-watt halogen lamp obtained 2170 lux at a distance of 50cm. Automatic charging cut-off at voltage> 13.9 VDC becomes an input for DC lamps / DC motors, or AC voltage inverters becomes an input for AC lamps / AC fans with a maximum dropdown voltage of 20%. Data plotter is displaying with serial communication data logger PIV (power, current, and voltage) –IV (current and voltage)-PV(power and voltage) and sinusoidal/square signals as analysis.