2003
DOI: 10.1002/nml.2
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Social accounting for nonprofits: Two models

Abstract: T HIS ARTICLE has two objectives: (1) to discuss social accounting as it applies to nonprofits and (2) to present two models of social accounting financial statements-the community social return on investment model and the expanded value-added statement-for nonprofits. Both of these models present examples of how nonmonetized social outputs can be given surrogate values and included with financial statements. Social Accounting TraditionSocial accounting is based on a critique of the limitations of financial ac… Show more

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Cited by 70 publications
(67 citation statements)
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“…Deep ecology is employed in designing a SMAS to recognize costs of environment, manage uses and flows of resources, and measure reductions of these costs and contaminants [57] to support improvements in environmental performance [5]. Social management accounting will measure costs of social impacts in order to improve social performance of organizations [46,54]. Marx's labour theory of value is used to explain the need to measure social costs relating to improvements in skills, knowledge, and 'qualities' of employees while maximizing profits from higher consumption [13,[58][59][60] and developing social performance [11].…”
Section: Theoretical Frameworkmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Deep ecology is employed in designing a SMAS to recognize costs of environment, manage uses and flows of resources, and measure reductions of these costs and contaminants [57] to support improvements in environmental performance [5]. Social management accounting will measure costs of social impacts in order to improve social performance of organizations [46,54]. Marx's labour theory of value is used to explain the need to measure social costs relating to improvements in skills, knowledge, and 'qualities' of employees while maximizing profits from higher consumption [13,[58][59][60] and developing social performance [11].…”
Section: Theoretical Frameworkmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Assigning the right importance to social items is of relevance for non-profit organizations because some of these organizations serve their clients either without charge or with a nominal charge, and therefore the financial statements do not track the benefits created. Moreover, even non-profit organizations with earned revenues have a social mission, and therefore including social benefits in the financial statements is necessary to provide a more complete view of the overall performance (Richmond et al 2003). Thus, focusing on financial management can be meaningless for social enterprises, as it is not a concern of their purposes and missions.…”
Section: The Path For Future Developmentmentioning
confidence: 98%
“…•The Expanded Value Added Statement (EVAS) (see Richmond et al, 2003;Mook et al, 2009). •The Volunteer Investment and Value Added (VIVA) (Gaskin and Dobson, 1997;Gaskin, 1999).…”
Section: Outcome-based Approachesmentioning
confidence: 99%