Social and public health implication of water supply in arid zones in the Sudan

Karim, M.A. Awad El; hassan, Basheer Mohammed El; Hussein, K.K.

doi:10.1016/0277-9536(85)90014-0

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Ell-Amin et al (2010) have carried out microbiological tests on the drinking water quality of Wad Medani and found that both surface and groundwater were highly contaminated with total coliform and fecal coliform. In addition, El Karim et al (1985) conducted a study in Sudan and found that all water sources were invariably contaminated with coliforms. Abdelrahman and Eltahir (2011) found that in South Darfur (Sudan) the highest level of contamination of water sources was observed in household storage containers (20%) followed by boreholes (11.25%), reservoirs (6.24%), hand pumps (5.42%) and dug wells (2.49%).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water source quality testing in Gezira State, Sudan, using the compartment bag test

et al. 2019

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Although poor water quality is recognized as a public health threat, it has been little investigated in Sudan. In this paper, water sources in Gezira State, Greater Wad Medani locality, have been categorized as safe, intermediate safe and high-risk unsafe sources using the compartment bag test (CBT) to detect E. coli, which is an indicator of fecal contamination of water. The CBT is simple, portable and self-contained, and it can be done in the field environment. A total of 122 samples were collected from different water sources and included rivers, water treatment plant, boreholes/tube wells, hand pumps, public water taps, public water coolers, public elevated water tanks and household elevated water tanks. It was found that 69% (84/122) of investigated water sources were safe to drink. The sources most likely to be contaminated were those close to industrial points and factories or open sources exposed to pollution. The result showed that the highest level of contamination of water sources (high risk and unsafe) was observed in rural area (9.1%) followed by urban (5.7%) and peri-urban (1.6%). Frequent and routine qualitative analysis of water sources using CBT is recommended to improve human health and hence the country’s development.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water source quality testing in Gezira State, Sudan, using the compartment bag test

et al. 2019

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“…The highest prevalence of diarrheal diseases was recorded among Port Sudan children (15.5%), followed by children living in areas where people draw water from unrectified hafirs (13.5%) and finally children living in areas where water is drawn from rectified hafirs (6.0%) [16]. However, there is no information about the presence of the protozoal species except Cryptosporidium .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Protozoa Species in Drinking and Environmental Water Sources in Sudan

Shanan

Abd

Bayoumi

et al. 2015

BioMed Research International

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Protozoa are eukaryotic cells distributed worldwide in nature and are receiving increasing attention as reservoirs and potential vectors for the transmission of pathogenic bacteria. In the environment, on the other hand, many genera of the protozoa are human and animal pathogens. Only limited information is available on these organisms in developing countries and so far no information on their presence is available from Sudan. It is necessary to establish a molecular identification of species of the protozoa from drinking and environmental water. 600 water samples were collected from five states (Gadarif, Khartoum, Kordofan, Juba, and Wad Madani) in Sudan and analysed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing. 57 out of 600 water samples were PCR positive for protozoa. 38 out of the 57 positive samples were identified by sequencing to contain 66 protozoa species including 19 (28.8%) amoebae, 17 (25.7%) Apicomplexa, 25 (37.9%) ciliates, and 5 (7.6%) flagellates. This study utilized molecular methods identified species belonging to all phyla of protozoa and presented a fast and accurate molecular detection and identification of pathogenic as well as free-living protozoa in water uncovering hazards facing public health.

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The geography of cholera

Collins¹

1996

Cholera and the Ecology of Vibrio Cholerae

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Social and public health implication of water supply in arid zones in the Sudan

Cited by 5 publications

References 9 publications

Water source quality testing in Gezira State, Sudan, using the compartment bag test

Water source quality testing in Gezira State, Sudan, using the compartment bag test

Prevalence of Protozoa Species in Drinking and Environmental Water Sources in Sudan

The geography of cholera

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