Social Aspects of Diabetic Foot: A Scoping Review

Abstract

Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a severe complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). Patients with DFU have increased mortality and morbidity as well as decreased quality of life (QoL). The present scoping review aims to study the social issues of diabetic foot. Following PRISMA guidelines, the review was conducted in two databases (Scopus and Pubmed) with the use of the following keywords: “social aspects and diabetic foot”, “social characteristics and diabetic foot”, “social issues and diabetic foot”, “demographic profiles and diabetic foot”, “social determinants and diabetic foot”, “social capital and diabetic foot”, “social characteristics and gender and diabetic foot”, “social profiles and diabetic foot”, “social relationships and diabetic foot” and “social risk and diabetic foot”, from July to August 2021. Predetermined exclusion and inclusion criteria were selected. Forty-five studies (quantitative and qualitative) were eligible for inclusion in this review. Gender problems, socioeconomic status, social capital, and medical problems were the most important negative variables for diabetic foot. All the included variables reveal that the social impact of diabetic foot is the most important factor for management and prevention, in terms of aggravation and more, of the diabetic foot.

Exploring barriers and enablers of self‐management behaviours in patients with diabetic foot ulcers: A qualitative study from the perceptions of patients, caregivers, and healthcare professionals in primary care

“…SEM is used as a foundation for planning and understanding the determinants of self‐management behaviours in patients with diabetes 45,46 . Current evidence reveals that the social impact, family, and health system factors of DFU are important factors for the management and prevention of diabetic foot diseases 26,47‐49 . Hence, the SEM framework was used to deductively map barriers and enablers of foot self‐care behaviour across multiple levels of the healthcare system, such as individual, healthcare system, relational, and community social‐cultural levels.…”

“… 45 , 46 Current evidence reveals that the social impact, family, and health system factors of DFU are important factors for the management and prevention of diabetic foot diseases. 26 , 47 , 48 , 49 Hence, the SEM framework was used to deductively map barriers and enablers of foot self‐care behaviour across multiple levels of the healthcare system, such as individual, healthcare system, relational, and community social‐cultural levels. The rationale for this framework application was to provide us with a robust platform to enable further exploration of factors that influence the adoption of the findings across micro (individual), meso (healthcare system), and macro (relational and social‐cultural) levels.…”

Optimizing Predictive Performance: Hyperparameter Tuning in Stacked Multi-Kernel Support Vector Machine Random Forest Models for Diabetes Identification

“…(5) 14 Input_MetaLearner using Eq. ( 7) 16 for each tree in range(Meta-Learner Trees): Train Decision Tree using Eq. ( 6) 17 Output: 18 Return 𝑌 𝐸𝑛𝑠𝑒𝑚𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑗…”

“…Inadequate diabetes management not only affects individual health outcomes but also has a broader impact on the societal and economic spheres [16,17]. Diabetes complications pose a significant economic burden, resulting in increased healthcare costs and productivity losses.…”

Obesity and Wound Healing: Focus on Mesenchymal Stem Cells

“…Peripheral neuropathy is another factor that can cause, aggravate or delay wound healing, and often represent the leading cause of cutaneous ulcers in diabetic patients [ 106 , 107 ]. Microangiopathy often represents the principal cause of impaired wound healing in T2D patients, leading to reduced nerve vascularization, endothelial dysfunction and impaired microcirculation [ 108 ]. On the other hand, macroangiopathy causes the production of prothrombotic factors and prevents the formation of an efficient network of collateral vessels, thus contributing to the pathogenesis of chronic wounds [ 109 ].…”