Social capital - a neglected issue in diabetes control: a cross-sectional survey in Iran

Abstract

What is known about this topic dSocial capital has a protective effect on risk-taking behaviours or corresponding disease outcomes. There is a strong association between social capital and management of chronic disease. What this paper adds dSocial capital has a promising effect in the control of diabetes in Iran.d Among social capital dimensions, 'trust and solidarity' and 'empowerment and political action', may determine how effectively that patient's diabetes is managed. AbstractGlycaemic control is an essential component in diabetes management. There is growing attention on the protective effects of social capital on health, where social capital comprises features of society that facilitate co-operation for mutual benefit. The aim of this study was to investigate its role as a social determinant of health in the glycaemic control of diabetes mellitus. A cross-sectional study was conducted in a diabetes care charity institute, Isfahan, Iran from July 2010 to September 2010. Based on the level of HbA1c, all patients were divided into two groups: HbA1c level £ 7 as controlled diabetes and HbA1c level > 7 as uncontrolled diabetes. Sixty patients were randomly selected from each group (controlled diabetes and uncontrolled diabetes) and all agreed to participate. Social capital was measured using the Integrated Questionnaire for the Measurement of Social Capital (SC-IQ). The mean age of participants in the controlled diabetes group was 51.3 (SD: 7.8) years and 50.1(SD: 7.2) in the uncontrolled group. The mean social capital score was 185.1 (CI 95% 181.4-188.6) in the controlled group and 175.4 (CI 95% 171.8-178.8) in the uncontrolled group. There was a significant negative correlation between empowerment and political action and trust and solidarity dimensions and the level of HbA1c. In multiple regression analysis, trust and solidarity and empowerment and political action were significant predictors of the HbA1c. The results of this study suggest that social participation, trust, and empowerment and political action may determine how effectively the patient's diabetes has been managed. This initial finding warrants subsequent experimental investigations designed to identify strategies that can be used to foster the creation of social capital to improve diabetes control.

Socioeconomic inequalities and diabetes: A systematic review from Iran

“… Age Female 1.48(1.07-2.05) Educational level/ Age ,≥ 55 3.31 (2.38-4.60) Economic status/ Illiterate 1.37 (0.99-1.90) Residence Urban 1.52 (1.10-2.10) Low and medium economic status 1.16 (0.46-2.91) 6 Shahraki, M. et al 2012[ 32 ] Cross sectional study, Clinical Based/ Zahedan 2012 Overweight and obese women/Non random sampling n=811 Female 20–60 Age/Educational level FBS levels and SEF Age and education significantly associated with FBS levels. Encourage to physical activity and healthy diet among women ≤ Age50 3.8 (1.798.45) Educational level≤12 1.9 (1.25 -3.15) c) Diabetes control NO Reference Study design and Setting Study year Participants and their recruitment Sex Age (Year) Socioeconomic Factors OR (95% CI) Main Conclusion Suggestion 7 Farajzadegan, Z. et al 2013[ 33 ] Cross sectional study, Population based/ ...…”

A systematic review of social capital and chronic non-communicable diseases

“…In this review, most studies are from Occident in 17 included articles, while in LMIC these kinds of studies are rare (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31), so the effect of social capital on NCDs in these countries is not known. Social capital was measured by individual cognition and behavior, and the ecological data were aggregated from the individual level, and there is no effective method to measure social capital precisely and directly at present.…”

Study of Social Capital Status in Patients With Primary Headache Compared to Control Group

“…The social capital is examined in six domains including groups and networks, trust and agreement, cooperation and collective action, information and communication, social cohesion and inclusion as well as empowerment and political performance (9). Several studies have shown that social capital can play a role in reducing the incidence rate of headaches (10). The purpose of this study was to examine the social capital level in people with primary headaches compared with the control group.…”