Social Capital, Collective Action, and the Development of Agritourism for Sustainable Agriculture in Rural Indonesia

Abstract

This study investigates social capital, collective action, agritourism, and sustainable agriculture in rural areas of Indonesia. Social capital, consisting of trust, networks, and norms, would encourage collective action to increase the development of village tourism/agritourism. Therefore, this study proposed more than one latent variable to define this social phenomenon and used a structural equation model (SEM) to predict those variables from the observed variables. The observed variables were two demographic data attributes namely income and education, while the latent were trust, networks, and norms, and were obtained from the question in the questionnaire survey. The results of the Mplus-SEM (Structural Equation Model), indicated that social capital facilitated collective action in societies and had a positive impact on land use protection. Furthermore, education and income as calculated variables directly influence the activities of collective action. The results also showed that higher levels of education influenced the respondents to work together to grow agritourism, in order to increase community income. Such a condition also influences young people to remain in the village, preserve land use as an agricultural system, and encourage sustainable agriculture.

Comprehensive Participation: A Theoretically Hailed Yet Practically Disregarded Approach to Sustainable Ecotourism

“…Several studies (e.g., Nyaupane and Thapa, 2010;Myeza et al, 2010;Nepal, 2003, Gumede andNzama, 2019a) have argued that this exclusion is a threat to comprehensive sustainable ecotourism development as the results are often issues such as environmental degradation, marauding, and criminal offenses against tourists. Local community participation therefore remains a basic necessity for the operationalisation, management, and sustainability of ecotourism projects (Prameka et al, 2021;Nugraha et al, 2021;Xiong et al, 2021).…”

“…They attribute this to a top-down planning and management approach, arguing that this model poses a main barrier to sustainable relationships among ecotourism stakeholder groups (Murphy, 1985). While an extensive body of academic literature (Gumede and Nzama, 2020;Ying and Zhou, 2007;Chili and Ngxongo, 2017;Prameka et al, 2021;Xiong et al, 2021;Nugraha, 2021) highlights the significance of local community participation in ecotourism development, numerous studies (e.g., Mustapha et al, 2013;Marzuki et al, 2012;Dogra and Gupta, 2012;Snyman, 2016;Wang et al, 2015;Wen and Ximing, 2008) found manipulative participation to be dominant in most tourist destinations, including some in South Africa. Moreover, there is a paucity of academic research in the field of sustainable ecotourism development in KwaZulu-Natal.…”

Smart Farming: Integrated Solar Water Pumping Irrigation System in Thailand

“…Specifically, precision farming is a management strategy that uses information technology to improve agricultural quality and production 22) . Those may develop either sustainable agriculture or income for communities 23) .…”

The Potential Mapping of Land Fire Using SNPP VIIRS as a Basis for Environmental Damage Mitigation

“…Fires occurred in several regions in Indonesia, such as Sumatra and Kalimantan, which attracted worldwide attention because the smoke haze pollution reached neighboring countries. Forest fires are not new to Indonesia's forests and are an essential environmental problem 8), 9) . Forest and land fires occur due to 2 (two) main factors, namely natural factors and uncontrolled human activity factors 3) .…”