Social Cultural and Economic Factors Affecting the Practice of Secondary Prevention among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at Consolata Nkubu and Meru Level Five Hospital in Meru County

Abstract

Diabetes is chronic metabolic disorder characterized by states of hyperglycemia with disturbances of carbohydrates, fat and protein metabolism. Diabetes affects millions of people globally every day and the prevalence of the disease is on the rise due to unhealthy diet and lifestyle. The disorder usually results to chronic complications including cardiovascular diseases, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic neuropathy, foot ulcers and diabetic eye diseases that are all preventable through secondary preventive measures. Once an individual has been diagnosed with T 2 DM, secondary preventive approaches are essential in preventing the occurrence of chronic complications. However, lack of awareness of these measures has been cited as the common reasons for the development of complications. The study aimed to assess the effect of social cultural and economic factors on the practice of secondary diabetes prevention among patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) at Consolata Hospital Nkubu and Meru Level Five Hospital between March and April 2019. A descriptive correlational study design was adopted to collect data from 357 purposively sampled participants with T 2 DM using questionnaires and Focus Group Discussion Guide. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS version 25 at 95% confidence interval and a significance level p ≤ 0.05. Most respondents attended Meru Teaching and Referral Hospital. Majority of the respondents were aged between 40-60 years. Most respondents 31.6% had secondary level of education and majority 67% was employed. Concerning secondary prevention, majority did foot examination on every visit 70.6% and BP monitoring 69.5% while 56.5% did annual eye screening. Level of income, affordability of services, health insurance cover of the patients, monthly cost How to cite this paper: Ngari, D.M., Mbisi, A.M. and Njogu, T.W.

Treatment adherence and associated factors in older people with type 2 diabetes: A qualitative study

“…Older people are reported to skip taking medications, reduce doses, or not have prescriptions filled because they cannot afford the cost of the medications (Masaba & Mmusi‐Phetoe, 2020 ). According to the study results, low annual income and lack of health insurance were the main barriers to adherence to treatment among patients with diabetes (Aminde et al, 2019 ; Mirghani, 2019 ; Ngari et al, 2020 ).…”

Determinants of Non-Adherence to Treatment Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in Kenya: A Systematic Review

“…The majority of the patients complained of the cost of drugs and the diet recommended being unaffordable 23,24,[27][28][29] and unavailable. 25 Long distance to the hospital was noted as a barrier to the regular check-ups needed by the patients.…”

“…Some patients believed in traditional healing methods for diabetes. 28 Patients withdrew from treatment when they felt better. 34 Severity of illness 26 hindered exercise adherence.…”

“…17 Multiple factors have been associated with non-adherence among patients with T2DM in Kenya. 27,28 For example; Ngari et al 28 in Meru noted that level of income, affordability of services, health insurance cover of the patients, and monthly cost of DM management significantly influenced non-adherence. 28 In Nairobi, dissatisfaction with family members support, challenge in drug access and dissatisfaction with attending clinicians were factors found associated with poor medication adherence.…”

“…27,28 For example; Ngari et al 28 in Meru noted that level of income, affordability of services, health insurance cover of the patients, and monthly cost of DM management significantly influenced non-adherence. 28 In Nairobi, dissatisfaction with family members support, challenge in drug access and dissatisfaction with attending clinicians were factors found associated with poor medication adherence. 29 Similarly, Mwaloma's 30 study noted that the majority of the patients with low adherence levels were not sufficiently equipped with knowledge with attending clinicians to comprehensively manage their disease.…”