Social deprivation and bacterial meningitis in north east thames region: three year study using small area statistics

Jones, Ian Rees; Urwin, Gillian; Feldman, Roger A.; Banatvala, Nick

doi:10.1136/bmj.314.7083.794

Cited by 31 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Risk factors for meningococcal disease, such as young age, male sex, passive smoking, and lower socioeconomic status, are all potential confounding factors 21 22. None of the studies took account of these factors in their analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of antibiotics in preventing meningococcal disease after a case: systematic review

Purcell

Samuelsson

Hahné³

et al. 2004

BMJ

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of antibiotics in preventing meningococcal disease after a case: systematic review

Purcell

Samuelsson

Hahné³

et al. 2004

BMJ

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“…For example, social deprivation and crowding was found to be associated with bacterial meningitis 28. Maternal smoking during pregnancy increased risk for sudden infant death syndrome and childhood infections 23.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parental smoking, socioeconomic factors, and risk of invasive meningococcal disease in children: a population based case-control study

Kriz¹,

Bobák²,

Kříž³

2000

Archives of Disease in Childhood

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Aims-To investigate the eVects of parental smoking, socioeconomic characteristics, and indoor environment on the risk of invasive meningococcal disease in children. Methods-Population based case-control study. A total of 68 incident cases of invasive meningococcal disease in children less than 15 years old were compared with 135 controls selected from the same school and matched for year of birth, sex, and place of residence. Information on exposures was obtained in interviews with parents. Results-Invasive meningococcal disease was strongly associated with parental smoking; rate ratios adjusted for socioeconomic factors were 3.5 (95% confidence interval 1.4-8.7) for smoking of mother, 3.2 (1.5-6.9) for smoking of father, and 2.7 (1.3-5.4) for every 20 cigarettes smoked at home on an average day. The risk of the disease was strongly inversely related to maternal education and, less strongly, to ownership of a car and of a weekend house, father's education, crowding, and the number of siblings, but these associations were reduced or eliminated in multivariate models. The type of heating and cooking (used as proxies for indoor air pollution) were not associated with the disease. Conclusion-The risk of invasive meningococcal disease in children is strongly influenced by parental smoking and unfavourable socioeconomic circumstances.

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“…The increase may, therefore, reflect enhanced risk factors in this population or the emergence of a clone. Although previous small-area studies in the U.K. have reported a higher risk of meningococcal disease in people from deprived communities, [4][5][6] none have provided information on potential differences between rural and urban populations. In our study, a strong effect was seen in the relatively deprived urban area whereas no association was found between deprivation and meningococcal disease in the relatively affluent rural area.…”

Section: Explanations For Observed Differencesmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Although meningococcal disease continues to be an important cause of morbidity and mortality it has been less widely studied in this context, with few studies in the U.K. examining the relationship between meningococcal disease and deprivation at the small area level. [4][5][6] While deprivation in relation to meningococcal disease has received some attention, the comparative experience of meningococcal disease in rural and urban populations has been poorly documented, particularly when examining the relationship with deprivation. This relative neglect may serve to underestimate the health needs of rural populations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographic and socioeconomic variation in meningococcal disease: a rural/urban comparison

Olowokure

Onions²,

Patel

et al. 2006

Journal of Infection

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Social deprivation and bacterial meningitis in north east thames region: three year study using small area statistics

Cited by 31 publications

References 4 publications

Effectiveness of antibiotics in preventing meningococcal disease after a case: systematic review

Effectiveness of antibiotics in preventing meningococcal disease after a case: systematic review

Parental smoking, socioeconomic factors, and risk of invasive meningococcal disease in children: a population based case-control study

Geographic and socioeconomic variation in meningococcal disease: a rural/urban comparison

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