Social Determinants of Breast Cancer Screening among Married Women: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background: Regular cancer screening is the best way for early detection of breast cancer, but studies showed the low participation rates of screening in Iran. We aimed to determine breast cancer screening among married women and related factors in North of Iran. Study design: A cross-sectional study. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out from Jan to Mar 2017 among 1472 married women in an urban population in Rasht City, North of Iran. Data were collected using a questionnaire included socio-demographic information and breast cancer screening behaviors. Descriptive statistics, chi-square and logistic regression were used for data analyzing with SPSS. Results: The mean age of women was 35.1 ±6.5 years. Majority of women never performed clinical breast examination (70.7%) and regular monthly breast self-examination (52.2%). Only women over 40 yr performed mammography. Mammography performance was associated with health insurance (OR=4.99; 95% CI: 1.10, 22.53) and family history (OR=1.60; 95% CI: 1.19, 2.19), clinical breast examination was associated with age of women (OR=2.87; 95% CI: 1.90, 4.32) and breast selfexamination was associated with age and occupation of women [OR=1.67; 95 % CI: 1.16, 2.39, OR=1.65; 95% CI: 1.19, 2.29) respectively]. Conclusion: The rate of breast cancer screening was low among married women. Therefore considering the structural and cultural barriers, effective health education is essential to reduce inequality and increase the efficiency of screening programs.

Demographic variables affecting participation in mammography screening: a cross-sectional study

“…Mammography performance was associated with the health insurance and the family history. Moreover, clinical breast examination was associated with the age of women, and the breast self-examination was associated with the age and profession of women (Ghanbari et al 2020). In another study, alcohol consumption was examined and it was found to be not associated with the breast cancer screening (Matsubara et al 2013).…”

“…In different studies, the rate of women getting mammograms varies between 3.4% and 85% (Bhandari et al 2021;Ghanbari et al 2020;Aşkın et al 2019). This arising wide ranged ratio brings these questions along: "What is the reason for such a high difference?"…”

“…What effect marital status has on breast cancer screening is a question of interest. Ghanbari et al (2020) found that the breast cancer screening rate was low in married women. The same study determined that the social determinants had an important role in breast cancer screening (Ghanbari et al 2020).…”

“…Ghanbari et al (2020) found that the breast cancer screening rate was low in married women. The same study determined that the social determinants had an important role in breast cancer screening (Ghanbari et al 2020). Mammography performance was associated with the health insurance and the family history.…”

A comparative performance of breast cancer classification using hyper-parameterized machine learning models

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Cancer is the result of the outgrowth of a clonal population of cells from bodily tissue [1]. It has been acknowledged that early oncogenesis, also known as carcinogenesis, can be determined by cell-intrinsic features.

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