Social fears and social phobia in the USA: results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication

Ruscio, Ayelet Meron; Brown, Timothy A.; Chiu, Wai Tat; Sareen, Jitender; Stein, Murray B.; Kessler, Ronald C.

doi:10.1017/s0033291707001699

Cited by 688 publications

(572 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Numerous clinical and non-clinical studies have revealed that SA is strongly associated with a smaller social network (Falk Dahl & Dahl, 2010). Moreover, SA individuals reported reduced social support (e.g., Ruscio et al, 2008), fewer friends, greater rates of living alone, and a significantly lower prevalence of club/association membership and activity (Falk Dahl & Dahl, 2010). In addition to smaller social networks, SA is associated with fewer close relationships, such as intimate friendships or romantic partnerships (e.g., Chou, Liang, & Sareen, 2011), and lower rates of marriage or marriage-like relationships (Falk Dahl & Dahl, 2010).…”

Section: Social Anxiety Loneliness and Subjective Well-beingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Loneliness in the Relationship Between Social Anxiety and Subjective Well-Being: Using the Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN) as a Measure

Maričić¹,

Štambuk²

2015

Drustvena istrazivanja

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The purpose of this study was to test the mediating role of loneliness in the relationship between social anxiety and subjective well-being while taking into account the multidimensionality of social anxiety. Reaching this aim was preceded by examining the psychometric properties of the Croatian translation of the SPIN on a sample of 202 students. The results show support for the one-dimensional structure of the SPIN. However, it has also been shown that several items of the inventory may be redundant and that a 2-factor structure (12 items) fits the data better. The first factor was described as "observation situations and negative evaluation", while the second represented "social avoidance and fear". The total SPIN score showed convergent and divergent construct validity as well as high levels of internal consistency and test--retest reliability. Loneliness fully mediated the relationship between social anxiety and subjective well-being. The symptoms of social anxiety that contribute to its relation with subjective well-being through loneliness are those related to the concerns of being negatively evaluated or merely observed by others when experiencing or doing something.

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Section: Social Anxiety Loneliness and Subjective Well-beingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Loneliness in the Relationship Between Social Anxiety and Subjective Well-Being: Using the Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN) as a Measure

Maričić¹,

Štambuk²

2015

Drustvena istrazivanja

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“…Social phobia (SP) is one of the most common mental disorders in adults, adolescents and children with lifetime prevalence rates of up to 12,1% (Ruscio et al 2008). In the Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV; American Psychiatric Association [APA], 1994), SP is defined as an excessive, irrational fear of social or performance situations due to the expectation that others will scrutinize the person's actions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subjective, Autonomic, and Endocrine Reactivity during Social Stress in Children with Social Phobia

Krämer

Seefeldt

Heinrichs

et al. 2011

J Abnorm Child Psychol

100

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Reports of exaggerated anxiety and physiological hyperreactivity to social-evaluative situations are characteristic of childhood social phobia (SP). However, laboratory research on subjective, autonomic and endocrine functioning in childhood SP is scarce, inconsistent and limited by small sample sizes, limited breadth of measurements, and the use of non-standardized stressor tasks. We exposed 8-12-year-old children with DSM-IV SP (n=41) and matched healthy control children (HC; n=40) to the Trier Social Stress Test for Children (TSST-C) while measuring subjective anxiety, heart rate (HR) and salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) as well as salivary cortisol. The SP children showed heightened reactivity to the TSST-C on subjective anxiety compared to the HC children but not a heightened reactivity in HR, sAA or cortisol. However, the SP children showed chronically elevated HR levels throughout the whole laboratory session. Whereas subjective anxiety seems to respond specifically to social-evaluative stress in childhood SP, HR levels may be chronically elevated suggesting a more generalized autonomic hyperreactivity.

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“…The one study that failed to find any evidence for content domains was based on a community sample rather than a social phobia sample. [14] . In addition to these factor analytic findings, the DSM-V committee recognized an emerging literature on fear of blushing and sweating.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Social anxiety disorder: questions and answers for the DSM-V

et al. 2010

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Background: This review evaluates the DSM-IV criteria of social anxiety disorder (SAD), with a focus on the generalized specifier and alternative specifiers, the considerable overlap between the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for SAD and avoidant personality disorder, and developmental issues. Method: A literature review was conducted, using the validators provided by the DSM-V Spectrum Study Group. This review presents a number of options and preliminary recommendations to be considered for DSM-V. Results/Conclusions: Little supporting evidence was found for the current specifier, generalized SAD. Rather, the symptoms of individuals with SAD appear to fall along a continuum of severity based on the number of fears. Available evidence suggested the utility of a specifier indicating a ''predominantly performance'' variety of SAD. A specifier based on ''fear of showing anxiety symptoms'' (e.g., blushing) was considered. However, a tendency to show anxiety symptoms is a core fear in SAD, similar to acting or appearing in a certain way. More research is needed before considering subtyping SAD based on core fears. SAD was found to be a valid diagnosis in children and adolescents. Selective mutism could be considered in part as a young child's avoidance response to social fears. Pervasive test anxiety may belong not only to SAD, but also to generalized anxiety disorder. The data are equivocal regarding whether to consider avoidant personality disorder simply a severe form of SAD. Secondary data analyses, field trials, and validity tests are needed to investigate the recommendations and options. Depression and Anxiety 27:168-189, 2010. Key words: DSM-V; social anxiety disorder; social phobia; subtypes; classification; interpersonal; performance; test anxiety; selective mutism; avoidant personality disorder INTRODUCTIONThis review evaluates several issues pertaining to the diagnostic criteria for social phobia or social anxiety disorder (SAD) (Table 1), in light of empirical evidence gathered since DSM-IV. The review was guided by questions posed in the DSM-IV Sourcebook (Vol. 2), chapters titled ''Social phobia'' [1] and ''Social phobia subtypes,''[2] a review conducted as part of the DSM-V Stress Induced and Fear Circuitry Disorders Workgroup Conference, titled ''Social Phobia: Towards DSM V, '' [3] by questions posed by the DSM-V Anxiety, OC Spectrum, Posttraumatic, and Dissociative Disorder Work Group and by issues raised by consulted experts and advisors. The main issues to be addressed are the generalized specifier and its alternatives, the overlap with avoidant personality disorder, and developmental issues including the relationship that SAD shows in childhood with selective mutism (SM) and test anxiety. STATEMENT OF THE ISSUESThis review addresses the following questions, using the validators provided by the DSM-V Task Force: (1) What is the evidence/utility of the DSM-IV generalized specifier? If there is insufficient evidence/utility for a generalized specifier, what is the utility/evidence for alternative sub...

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Social fears and social phobia in the USA: results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication

Abstract: Background-Despite heightened awareness of the clinical significance of social phobia, information is still lacking about putative subtypes, functional impairment, and treatment-seeking.

Cited by 688 publications

References 68 publications

The Role of Loneliness in the Relationship Between Social Anxiety and Subjective Well-Being: Using the Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN) as a Measure

The Role of Loneliness in the Relationship Between Social Anxiety and Subjective Well-Being: Using the Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN) as a Measure

Subjective, Autonomic, and Endocrine Reactivity during Social Stress in Children with Social Phobia

Social anxiety disorder: questions and answers for the DSM-V

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