Social Foundations of Human Behavior

Bell, Earl; Sirjamaki, John

doi:10.1097/00000446-196602000-00058

Cited by 4 publications

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“…Whenever there is specialization and division of labor, there is also responsibility for and dependence on others. This situation requires organization-formal or informal-and in order to maintain organization, there must be social control (Baltzell, 1964;Bell, 1961). i s hypothesized that these alternatives t o personal growth and social structure are not "inviting" or "seductive" but would resuit in greater clarification of rights and responsibilities and would reduce the amount of adverse interaction at n o cost t o the individual or society.…”

Section: Complex Organization Power and The Social Ordermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, the more an individual feels a need for membership, the more willing he will be t o submit t o the disciplines imposed by the society at large.Those whom society rejects tend t o attach themselves to a strong leader, regardless of his ideology. Ideology is relatively unimportant t o socially rejected individuals since they develop loyalty t o a principle as a result of participating in a group that holds the principle (Bell, 1961).Today the relevance of many institutions and agencies that make up the system or larger society is being questioned. To assure some degree of organizational health and viability, such agencies look to formal, institutionalized forms of innovation, e.g., curriculum revision com-DECEMBER 1971 183 mittees within the educational bureaucracy, experimentation and demonstration projects supported by government agencies, and research and new product development activities subsidized by industry.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Those whom society rejects tend t o attach themselves to a strong leader, regardless of his ideology. Ideology is relatively unimportant t o socially rejected individuals since they develop loyalty t o a principle as a result of participating in a group that holds the principle (Bell, 1961).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In an open confrontation with society, he loses societal support for his ideas at best and wins overt antagonism at worst. There is little doubt about the outcome-the system wins (Bell, 1961).…”

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The Individual Versus Society ‐ an Analysis of Variance

Ehrle¹

1971

Journal of Employment Couns

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Is there an inherent conflict between the individual and society? One needs only to read current news reports and magazine features to conclude that there is. How can the individual survive in a mass society? Concurrently, how can the society be responsive t o the needs of the citizen while maintaining order? Indeed, must the social order be maintained at the expense of the individual? This article is addressed to these and related questions. The notion of viability is central t o this discussion. Viability is the capability for growth or development or the state of being workable. The thought I would like t o develop is that both individual persons and the society at large need not be in conflict t o assure their viability. Indeed, the viability of each is, t o a large extent, contingent upon the parallel viability of the other. Anthropologists report that throughout man's recorded history, all societies have concerned themselves with remaining viable and ensuring the viability of their citizenry. To the extent that individuals are not viable, they perish; and to the extent that societies are not viable, they also perish. Society in general, however, can only retain its viability-its ability t o maintain its integnty while at the same time adjusting t o changed circumstances-to the extent that its institutions remain open and receptive to meeting the needs of citizens. At the same time, the individual attempts to attain some degree of viability, e.g., by establishing his identity and attempting t o retain his integrity while also growing and changing through (a) developing a strong ego, (b) learning new skills, (c) increasing his efficiency in decision-making, (d) improving his geographic mobility, and so on. The individual must grow in these ways so that he can meet changed situations (Ehrle, 1969). CONFLICT BETWEEN THE INDIVIDUAL. AND SOCIETY Newspaper reports, current TV features, and legal decisions suggest that an increasingly large number of individuals either are in conflict with society or feel that they might be. This feeling is particularly justifiable when one considers accounts of wire-tapping, anti-war demonstrations, welfare rights confrontations, civil rights 182 JOURNAL OF EMPLOYMENT COUNSELINGactivities, gun control proposals, police surveillance, income tax monitoring, and so forth. Some writers have led us t o believe that at this time a dichotomy or polarity does indeed exist between the objectives of the individual and those of society. According t o Webster's Dictionary, a dichotomy is a "division or process of dividing into especially mutually exclusive or contradictory groups," while polarity is "the quality or condition inherent in a body that exhibits opposite properties or powers. . . ." The thesis of this article is that dichotomy and polarity need not occur and that, in effect, the individual and society must ultimately complement each other. Complement is defined by Webster as "something that fills up, completes or makes perfect." Although we are witnessing a flowering of individuat...

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Section: Complex Organization Power and The Social Ordermentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Individual Versus Society ‐ an Analysis of Variance

Ehrle¹

1971

Journal of Employment Couns

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“…Bell (1961) also posits that a recognition and knowledge of the nature of culture is basic to the understanding of human behaviour. It acts as tools for forecasting behaviour in many specific ways.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Paranormal beliefs on Psychopathology in a CrossCultural Society

Adebayo¹

2013

IOSR-JHSS

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Counselors, not political agitators

Drapela

1974

The Personnel and Guidance Journal

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This is a rejoinder to the article by Harold J. Adams that appeared in the April 1973 issue of this journal. The discussion centers around the relationship of counselors to the social order and political system of this country. The author questions the basic premises presented by Adams, especially the assumption that social alienation is a natural outcome of the American system. He points out that the collectivism advocated by Adams would be counterproductive to solving the social ills of American life and suggests other strategies to promote effective social change.

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Social Foundations of Human Behavior

Cited by 4 publications

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The Individual Versus Society ‐ an Analysis of Variance

The Individual Versus Society ‐ an Analysis of Variance

Influence of Paranormal beliefs on Psychopathology in a CrossCultural Society

Counselors, not political agitators

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