This article presents a case study of the use of digital tools by campaign organizations in Germany's 2013 federal election. Based on observations and in-depth interviews with key personnel in the campaigns of six of the parties running for Parliament, I examine whether German campaigns' use of digital tools follows the usage practices that have been identified in studies of campaigns in the United States. I group how campaigns use digital tools into four categories: organizational structures and work routines, presence in information spaces online, support in resource collection and allocation, and symbolic uses. I show that these categories capture how German parties use digital tools. U.S.-based studies can thus provide helpful interpretive frameworks for studying digital campaigning in other countries. However, I also reveal that there are important differences between German and U.S.-based online campaigning. These differences stem from the different levels of intensity with which digital tools are deployed in each country. Keywords campaigns, parties, Internet, digital tools, online campaigning, Germany, campaign innovation, election campaigns, Bundestagswahl 2013
Digital Tools in Election CampaignsThe Internet has become an important infrastructure for political campaigns, and digital tools have become pervasive campaigning devices. They are deeply integrated into the structures and practices of political organizations. Still, somewhat surprisingly, most research on political uses of digital tools focuses on their role in collective action,