“…Upstream water flows have been cut off, and tailings and 10 Open-cut coal mines reach the end of their economic life when the cost of resource extraction outweighs its financial value, 'such as when the coal seam has dipped so far that the cost of removing rock from above is prohibitively expensive' [69, p. 6]. 11 Metals identified included manganese, iron, mercury, chromium, cobalt, zinc, arsenic, selenium, cadmium, barium, lead and thallium. 12 In neighboring South Kalimantan, hazardous waste from intensive, largely unregulated coal mining activities is contaminating the province's streams and rivers, threatening about half the provinces water bodies.…”