“…We use the TOE framework (Eze, Chinedu-Eze, & Awa, 2022;Pradifera et al, 2022),to examine the antecedents of Facebook and Instagram adoption, including technology, organisation, and environment. The framework includes technology context elements such as interactivity (Alsoud, Al-Muani, & Alkhazali, 2022) and costeffectiveness (Nair et al, 2022); organisation context elements such as firm size (Dirgiatmo, Abdullah, & Ali, 2020) and owners' support (Ramdani, Raja, & Kayumova, 2022); and environment context elements such as customer pressure (Maroufkhani et al, 2020) and market scope (Ramdani, Raja, & Kayumova, 2022). Figure 1 represents the conceptual framework for this study.…”