Social protection and informality in Latin America during the COVID-19 pandemic

Busso, Matí­as; Camacho, Juanita; Messina, Julián; Montenegro, Guadalupe

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0259050

Cited by 35 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 45 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…( 2020 ) and Busso et al. ( 2021 ), other Latin American countries such as Bolivia have granted social aid to the vulnerable population with informal jobs to mitigate the socioeconomic impacts. In contrast, Chile has introduced economic benefits and social assistance programs (Gerard et al., 2020 ).…”

Section: Literature Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Financial inclusion and education: An empirical study of financial inclusion in the face of the pandemic emergency due to Covid‐19 in Latin America and the Caribbean

Kazemikhasragh

Pineda

2022

Review Development Economics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Financial inclusion and education contribute to a country's development and economic growth. However, despite the significant efforts being made to increase access to financial products for women, a high percentage still do not have access to and effective use of formal financial services in the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean. This study analyzes financial inclusion (based on gender equality) in the countries studied using a pooled‐panel ordinary least squares econometric technique. Furthermore, the impact of interactions between the level of study, use of technology, academic degree during the Covid‐19 restrictions, number of credit borrowers, and number of borrowers with the interaction of the restrictions during the health emergency was evaluated employing the Gini coefficient and human development index (HDI). This study confirms that Latin America and the Caribbean countries can increase financial inclusion by changing their social aspects based on gender equality to ease using technology and access to credit. The results of this study are helpful for policy‐makers in formulating and implementing policies that lead to action plans that reverse an exclusionary financial system, promote financial education, and empower women.

show abstract

Section: Literature Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Financial inclusion and education: An empirical study of financial inclusion in the face of the pandemic emergency due to Covid‐19 in Latin America and the Caribbean

Kazemikhasragh

Pineda

2022

Review Development Economics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…( 2021 ) document that both the formal and informal sector experience similar losses in jobs, suggesting that informal work did not serve as a means through which workers shirked lockdowns, and Busso et al. ( 2021 ) find that governments created many new transfer programs that increased the coverage of social insurance, particularly for those in the lowest income quintile, and helped cover informal workers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macroeconomic Effects of COVID-19 Across the World Income Distribution

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The macroeconomic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic were most severe for emerging market economies, representing the middle of the world income distribution. This paper provides a quantitative economic theory for why emerging markets fared worse, on average, relative to advanced economies and low-income countries. To do so we adapt a workhorse incomplete-markets macro model to include epidemiological dynamics alongside key economic and demographic characteristics that distinguish countries of different income levels. We focus in particular on differences in lockdown stringency, public insurance programs, age distributions, healthcare capacity, and the sectoral composition of employment. The calibrated model correctly predicts the larger output losses and greater fatalities in emerging market economies, matching the data. Quantitatively, emerging markets fared especially poorly due to their high employment share in occupations requiring social interactions and their low level of pubic transfers, which leads economically vulnerable households to continue working in the market rather than sheltering at home. Low-income countries fared relatively better due mainly to their younger populations, whom are less susceptible to disease, and larger agricultural sectors, which require fewer social interactions.

show abstract

“… 3 Other findings highlight the close relationship between poor mental health and unhealthy eating patterns, and a worsening of food insecurity and job instability are expected, 4 , 5 along with changes in daily life patterns and the appearance or exacerbation of sleep problems and other mental health issues. 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary patterns, social determinants, and emotions during COVID‐19 confinement in Panama: An online survey

Rios

Subinas

Delgado³

et al. 2023

Health Science Reports

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aim We aimed to evaluate health and nutrition behaviors among the Panamanian population during the confinement period corresponding to the first wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Methods We conducted a cross‐sectional study using an online survey for data collection with a total of 2475 participants over the age of 18 using an online survey. We also completed 64 face‐to‐face interviews. After data validation, 1561 surveys were included in the study. Most respondents were women (74.2%) between 18 and 49 years old. Among the respondents, 83.3% had a university education level, and 49.9% reported a monthly family income of fewer than 1000 USD. In addition, more than 50% self‐reported as overweight or obese. Results We identified three dietary patterns: a healthy, a non‐healthy, and a mixed dietary pattern. The respondents with healthy and nonhealthy dietary patterns reported better socioeconomic conditions than participants from the mixed dietary pattern. Individuals with mixed dietary patterns had lower incomes, less education, and higher unemployment rates. Regarding emotions, we found that women experienced more negative emotions, such as fear, worry, and anxiety, during the lockdown period. Conclusions Taken together, these results indicate that the mobility restriction measures imposed during the COVID‐19 pandemic could have affected dietary patterns by exacerbating existing inequalities. Directing resources toward promoting healthy nutrition strategies with the most significant positive impacts on public health is a priority, especially in critical situations such as the COVID‐19 pandemic.

show abstract

Social protection and informality in Latin America during the COVID-19 pandemic

Cited by 35 publications

References 45 publications

Financial inclusion and education: An empirical study of financial inclusion in the face of the pandemic emergency due to Covid‐19 in Latin America and the Caribbean

Financial inclusion and education: An empirical study of financial inclusion in the face of the pandemic emergency due to Covid‐19 in Latin America and the Caribbean

Macroeconomic Effects of COVID-19 Across the World Income Distribution

Dietary patterns, social determinants, and emotions during COVID‐19 confinement in Panama: An online survey

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About