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Latin American governments swiftly implemented income assistance programs to sustain families’ livelihoods during COVID-19 stay-at-home orders. This paper analyzes the potential coverage and generosity of these measures and assesses the suitability of current safety nets to deal with unexpected negative income shocks in 10 Latin American countries. The expansion of pre-existing programs (most notably conditional cash transfers and non-contributory pensions) during the COVID-19 crisis was generally insufficient to compensate for the inability to work among the poorest segments of the population. When COVID-19 ad hoc programs are analyzed, the coverage and replacement rates of regular labor income among households in the first quintile of the country’s labor income distribution increase substantially. Yet, these programs present substantial coverage challenges among families composed of fundamentally informal workers who are non-poor, but are at a high risk of poverty. These results highlight the limitations of the fragmented nature of social protection systems in the region.

Latin American governments swiftly implemented income assistance programs to sustain families' livelihoods during COVID-19 stay-at-home orders. This paper analyzes the potential coverage and generosity of these measures and assesses the suitability of current safety nets to deal with unexpected negative income shocks in 10 Latin American countries. The expansion of pre-existing programs (most notably conditional cash transfers and non-contributory pensions) during the COVID-19 crisis was generally insufficient to compensate for the inability to work among the poorest segments of the population. When COVID-19 ad hoc programs are analyzed, the coverage and replacement rates of regular labor income among households in the first quintile of the country's labor income distribution increase substantially. Yet, these programs present substantial coverage challenges among families composed of fundamentally informal workers who are non-poor, but are at a high risk of poverty. These results highlight the limitations of the fragmented nature of social protection systems in the region.

Introducción. El VIH es un problema de salud pública, relevante en el pacífico colombiano debido a la gran problemática social en la región, donde las mujeres son expuestas a más factores de riesgo. Objetivo. Describir las diferencias por género y grupos de edad del código CIE-10 relacionado con VIH más frecuente en cuatro departamentos de la región pacífica colombiana durante el periodo 2014 a 2018. Materiales y métodos. Estudio observacional descriptivo, retrospectivo y con unidades de análisis ecológicas (departamentos y municipios) obtenidas por agregación. La fuente de datos es SISPRO, una plataforma para el registro obligatorio de las prestaciones de servicios de salud en el país. Para cada grupo de edad y ente territorial se estimaron las proporciones de cada código para mujeres y hombres, y se calcularon las diferencias absolutas (la proporción femenina menos la proporción masculina). Resultados. A nivel regional, en 9 de 22 grupos se observó predominio de mujeres. La mayor diferencia fue en el grupo de 25 a 29 años. Cinco de los nueve grupos de edad con mayor reporte en mujeres están después de los 50 años. La mayor diferencia en pse encontró en el grupo de 50-54 años en Chocó y la menor en el grupo de 90-94 años en Nariño. El análisis identificó dos patrones: antes de los 50 años, donde el predominio es en hombres y después de los 50 años, donde el predominio es en mujeres. Conclusiones. El análisis secundario de una base de datos de recolección rutinaria es útil. Puesto que los datos muestran una prevalencia de los adultos mayores, especialmente mujeres, es importante considerar incluir esta población en las estrategias de promoción y prevención del programa de VIH.

Data on 33 emergency transfer programs implemented across 10 Latin American and Caribbean countries in response to the Covid-19 pandemic shows substantial variation in proposed coverage.Coverages and replacement rates are in general high among the poorest households that are in the first quintile of the earnings distribution, ranging from 54 percent in Ecuador to 100 percent in Brazil and Peru.