“…In this regard, our results do not fit those of prior research (Adkins & Radtke, 2004;Crane, 2004;Graham, 2012;Tormo-Carbó et al, 2016 or behaviour (Davis & Welton, 1991;Nguyen et al, 2013;Peppas & Diskin, 2001), or are even counterproductive (Allen et al, 2005;Gómez et al, 2010;Stachowicz-Stanusch, 2011)-as suggested by our findings regarding some aspects of ethical perceptions. While some studies confirm the positive effect of business ethics education on moral efficacy (Lau, 2010;May, Luth, & Schwoerer, 2014), others suggest that there are students' private attitudes on consumption and employment that shape their perception and understanding of social responsibility in business (Rajah, Reifferscheid, & Borgmann, 2016). The poor assessment of business ethics courses among those students who took such a course may be also due to an instrumental perception of irrelevant marginal utility of further courses (Allen et al, 2005), which would not bring value to their future careers-for example, in comparison with other courses.…”