Social signalling as a framework for second-person neuroscience

Cañigueral, Roser; Krishnan-Barman, Sujatha; Hamilton, Antonia F. de C.

doi:10.3758/s13423-022-02103-2

Cited by 9 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 133 publications

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“…In particular, while we are developing a clearer understanding of how social presence influences participants' behaviour, there is still much future research necessary in order to understand why it influences participants’ behaviour. That is, there is still much debate surrounding the exact underlying mechanisms that produce the behavioural differences observed between socially isolated paradigms, and those conducted with at least the perception of the presence of another person [ 79 ]. Previous attempts have alluded to the importance of social norms in influencing real world behaviour [ 58 ], the engagement of additional mentalizing processes in the presence of real people [ 24 , 34 ], the potential for social interaction [ 12 ] or the engagement of reputation management processes [ 80 ] as critical underlying factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

I see you, you see me: the impact of social presence on social interaction processes in autistic and non-autistic people

Freeth

Morgan

2023

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Environments that require social interaction are complex, challenging and sometimes experienced as overwhelming by autistic people. However, all too often theories relating to social interaction processes are created, and interventions are proposed, on the basis of data collected from studies that do not involve genuine social encounters nor do they consider the perception of social presence to be a potentially influential factor. In this review, we begin by considering why face-to-face interaction research is important in this field. We then discuss how the perception of social agency and social presence can influence conclusions about social interaction processes. We then outline some insights gained from face-to-face interaction research conducted with both autistic and non-autistic people. We finish by considering the impact of social presence on cognitive processes more broadly, including theory of mind. Overall, we demonstrate that choice of stimuli in studies assessing social interaction processes has the potential to substantially alter conclusions drawn. Ecological validity matters and social presence, in particular, is a critical factor that fundamentally impacts social interaction processes in both autistic and non-autistic people. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Face2face: advancing the science of social interaction’.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

I see you, you see me: the impact of social presence on social interaction processes in autistic and non-autistic people

Freeth

Morgan

2023

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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“…It has long been recognized that live dyadic interactions frequently include unconscious imitation (mimicry) during reciprocal interactions [1][2][3]. For example, it is also commonly observed in conversations between dyads, where copying nonverbal and verbal features is observed in addition to the explicit content of the speech [4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural mechanisms for emotional contagion and spontaneous mimicry of live facial expressions

Hirsch

Zhang

Noah

et al. 2023

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Viewing a live facial expression typically elicits a similar expression by the observer (facial mimicry) that is associated with a concordant emotional experience (emotional contagion). The model of embodied emotion proposes that emotional contagion and facial mimicry are functionally linked although the neural underpinnings are not known. To address this knowledge gap, we employed a live two-person paradigm ( n = 20 dyads) using functional near-infrared spectroscopy during live emotive face-processing while also measuring eye-tracking, facial classifications and ratings of emotion. One dyadic partner, ‘Movie Watcher’, was instructed to emote natural facial expressions while viewing evocative short movie clips. The other dyadic partner, ‘Face Watcher’, viewed the Movie Watcher's face. Task and rest blocks were implemented by timed epochs of clear and opaque glass that separated partners. Dyadic roles were alternated during the experiment. Mean cross-partner correlations of facial expressions ( r = 0.36 ± 0.11 s.e.m.) and mean cross-partner affect ratings ( r = 0.67 ± 0.04) were consistent with facial mimicry and emotional contagion, respectively. Neural correlates of emotional contagion based on covariates of partner affect ratings included angular and supramarginal gyri, whereas neural correlates of the live facial action units included motor cortex and ventral face-processing areas. Findings suggest distinct neural components for facial mimicry and emotional contagion. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Face2face: advancing the science of social interaction’.

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“…As both observer and target were able to see each other in both conditions, their behaviours could subtly influence each other. Therefore, the task can be considered an interactive empathy task (Cañigueral et al, 2022; Cui et al, 2013). The task of the observer was to judge the pain intensity experienced by the target and her/his own feelings of unpleasantness while watching the others’ pain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the task can be considered an interactive empathy task (Cañigueral et al, 2022;Cui et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of social presence on behavioural, neural and physiological aspects of empathy for pain

Petereit

Weiblen

Kraemer

2022

Preprint

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Social interactions are rich in cues about others' mental and emotional states, and these cues have been shown to facilitate empathy. As more and more social interactions shift from direct to mediated interactions with reduced social cues, it's possible that empathy is affected. We tested whether behavioural, neural and physiological aspects of empathy for pain are reduced in a video-mediated interaction. To this end, 30 human participants (23 females, 7 males) observed one of 5 targets (all female) undergoing painful electric stimulation, once in a direct interaction and once in a live, video-mediated interaction (within-subject design) while EEG was measured. On a behavioural level, we found that observers were as accurate in judging others' pain via video as in a direct encounter and reported the same level of distress. On the neural and physiological levels, the theta response to others' pain and skin conductance coupling in the dyad were reduced in the mediated condition. Other measures, including mu suppression (a common marker of pain empathy), were not affected by condition. To conclude, a video-mediated interaction did not impair the cognitive aspects of empathy for pain, i.e., understanding the other accurately. However, the reduced theta response and reduced skin conductance coupling suggest that physical proximity with its rich social cues is important for other stimulus-driven physiological responses that may be related to resonance with the other's experience. Our results encourage more research on the role of social presence for different empathy components.

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Social signalling as a framework for second-person neuroscience

Cited by 9 publications

References 133 publications

I see you, you see me: the impact of social presence on social interaction processes in autistic and non-autistic people

I see you, you see me: the impact of social presence on social interaction processes in autistic and non-autistic people

Neural mechanisms for emotional contagion and spontaneous mimicry of live facial expressions

Effects of social presence on behavioural, neural and physiological aspects of empathy for pain

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