Social Structure and Social Learning in Crime and Deviance

Akers, Ronald L.

doi:10.4324/9781315129587-12

Cited by 88 publications

(205 citation statements)

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“…Research in adults indicates that there is an elevated risk of becoming a victim of homicide associated with drug and alcohol use as well as a substantial homicide risk for those living with substance users . Thus, many adolescents may be at risk simply by being in a family or a neighborhood environment where alcohol and drugs are present, regardless of personal consumption.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Drug and Alcohol Use With Adolescent Firearm Homicide at Individual, Family, and Neighborhood Levels

et al. 2017

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IMPORTANCE Homicide is the third leading cause of death for adolescents in the United States and the leading cause of death for adolescents who are African American. Large cities have disproportionate homicide rates.OBJECTIVE To determine the relationships between exposures to drugs and alcohol at the individual, family, and neighborhood levels and adolescent firearm homicide and to inform new approaches to preventing firearm violence.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Population-based case-control study from January 2010 to December 2012 of all 13-to 20-year-olds who were homicide victims in Philadelphia during the study period matched to randomly selected 13-to 20-year-old controls from the general population.EXPOSURES Individual drug and alcohol use at the time of injury, history of drug and alcohol use, caregiver drug and alcohol use, and neighborhood availability of alcohol and illegal drugs. We also controlled for age, race, school suspensions, arrests, and neighborhood ethnicity.MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Adolescent firearm homicide identified from police and medical examiner's reports. RESULTSWe enrolled 161 adolescent homicide cases, including 157 (97.5%) firearm homicide cases and 172 matched controls, including 166 (96.5%) firearm homicide controls. Adolescents with a history of alcohol use (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 4.1; 95% CI, 1.2-14.0) or drug use (AOR, 4.4; 95% CI,) had increased odds of firearm homicide. Adolescents whose caregiver had a history of drug use had increased odds of firearm homicide (AOR, 11.7; 95% CI,. Adolescents in neighborhoods with high densities of alcohol outlets (AOR, 3.2; 95% CI, 1.1-9.1) and moderate or high drug availability had increased odds of firearm homicide (AOR, 3.4; 95% CI, 7.5; 95% CI,.CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Almost all adolescent homicides in Philadelphia between 2010 and 2012 were committed with a firearm. Substance use at the individual, family, and neighborhood levels was associated with increased odds of adolescent firearm homicide; drug use was associated at all 3 levels and alcohol at the individual and neighborhood levels. Expanding violence prevention efforts to target drug and alcohol use at multiple levels may help to reduce the firearm violence that disproportionately affects adolescents in minority populations in large US cities.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Drug and Alcohol Use With Adolescent Firearm Homicide at Individual, Family, and Neighborhood Levels

et al. 2017

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“…As early adolescents start to confide increasingly on peers as vital resources of personal worth, identification, and self-evaluation, they grow more sensitive to peer influence (Sumter et al, 2009). The propensity of social imitation, in combination with the incremental exposure to aggressive peer models, makes adolescents more inclined to perpetrate aggression (Akers, 2011; Allen et al, 2006; Hoff et al, 2009). Consequently, peer pressure, which is regarded as a prominent attribute of adolescence may put adolescents in a particularly high-risk context for participating in cyberbullying perpetration.…”

Section: Trait Anger and Cyberbullying Perpetrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The moderating roles of peer pressure and family economic stress in the longitudinal links between adolescent trait anger and cyberbullying perpetration.

Yang¹,

Li²,

Dong³

et al. 2023

School Psychology

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In adolescence, individuals are at high risk for cyberbullying perpetration. Although the role of trait anger in cyberbullying perpetration has attracted attention in the research literature, it is unclear the temporal sequence between trait anger and adolescents' cyberbullying perpetration and whether stressful environments could interact synergistically with trait anger to create a profile of the particularly severe risk to adolescents' cyberbullying perpetration. This study contributed to existing knowledge by examining the longitudinal and reciprocal relationships between trait anger and cyberbullying perpetration and exploring whether peer pressure and family economic stress would moderate these relationships across 2 years (3 time points) with a cohort of Chinese adolescents (N = 2,407, M age = 12.75 at baseline). The cross-lagged model revealed that prior trait anger was associated with later self-reported cyberbullying perpetration (β T1 → T2 = 0.09 and β T2 → T3 = 0.10), whereas earlier self-reported cyberbullying perpetration was not associated with subsequent trait anger. Peer pressure moderated the link between trait anger and self-reported cyberbullying perpetration. Family economic stress did not play a moderating role in the link between trait anger and selfreported cyberbullying perpetration. Findings suggest that cyberbullying perpetration prevention and intervention programs should attach importance to adolescents' trait anger and the way of getting along with their peers. Impact and ImplicationsThis study demonstrates a striking interaction between trait anger and peer pressure in adolescents' cyberbullying perpetration. Findings provide further support regarding the importance of trait anger and peer pressure in preventing adolescent cyberbullying perpetration. Additionally, results indicate that more attention must be provided to reduce anger and peer pressure during middle school.

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“…To date, theories and research on rational explanations and personal or mental gains from delinquent behavior have focused mainly on men (Akers, 2017; Gottfredson & Hirschi, 1990; Loughran et al, 2011; Tombs & Jagger, 2006), showing low levels of personal responsibility-taking for antisocial behavior. Rather, the subjects transfer responsibility to external causes or deny committing the offense.…”

Section: Women’s Pathways To Crime: Personal Responsibility-takingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Women Decision-Making and Responsibility-Taking of Criminal Lifestyle: The Israeli Case

Irit

Abulafia

2022

Criminal Justice and Behavior

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This study aims to investigate patterns of decision-making and responsibility-taking as opposed to the compulsion process selection of a criminal lifestyle among women in prison. A life story approach and semi-structured interviews sampling 30 Israeli women in prison during their first imprisonment were used. Using a mixed-method, results revealed that most of the participants claimed full or partial self-responsibility for having engaged in a criminal lifestyle or for the offense of which they had been convicted. This figure was consistent when the participants were divided by age of first offense or a history of abuse. The results support the need for an integrated approach explaining women’s criminal paths, including gender-specific as well as gender-neutral factors. The conclusion is that responsibility-taking for a criminal act should be one of the factors in intervention programs for women with delinquent behavior, regardless of whether there is a history of victimization or not.

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Social Structure and Social Learning in Crime and Deviance

Cited by 88 publications

References 0 publications

Association of Drug and Alcohol Use With Adolescent Firearm Homicide at Individual, Family, and Neighborhood Levels

Association of Drug and Alcohol Use With Adolescent Firearm Homicide at Individual, Family, and Neighborhood Levels

The moderating roles of peer pressure and family economic stress in the longitudinal links between adolescent trait anger and cyberbullying perpetration.

Women Decision-Making and Responsibility-Taking of Criminal Lifestyle: The Israeli Case

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