To assess the patient-level and societal burden of atopic dermatitis, we comprehensively reviewed the literature related to quality of life, social, economic, academic, and occupational impacts. Atopic dermatitis has profound impacts on patient and family quality of life. A conservative estimate of the annual costs of atopic dermatitis in the United States is $5.297 billion (in 2015 USD). People with atopic dermatitis may change their occupation because of their skin disease. Research gaps include quality of life assessments outside of tertiary care centers, impacts on partners and families of adult patients, and updated comprehensive cost estimates.

Melanoma is a potentially lethal cancer that is most commonly cutaneous. The worldwide incidence of melanoma has risen rapidly over the course of the last 50 years. Its incidence is greatest among fair-skinned populations, and in regions of lower latitude. Incidence is greater among geriatric populations, but melanoma is also among the most common cancers found in adolescent and young adult populations. In fact, it is one of the leading cancers in average years of life lost per death from disease. Melanoma incidence varies by sex, which is also associated with differences in melanoma anatomic site. Similar differences by region, ethnicity, age, and sex are observed in mortality rates of melanoma. In the setting of rising incidence and mortality, melanoma bears a heavy health and economic burden. Attributable costs are several billion in nations with greater melanoma incidence. Preventative strategies have been implemented in multiple high-risk regions with variable success. It is imperative that research efforts Epidemiology of Melanoma 4 achieve better understanding of the risk factors and etiology of disease, with the goal to halt and reverse the progressive trend of rising incidence and mortality from melanoma.

The intracellular delivery of biofunctional enzymes or therapeutic proteins through systemic administration is of great importance in therapeutic intervention of various diseases. However, current strategies face substantial challenges owing to various biological barriers, including susceptibility to protein degradation and denaturation, poor cellular uptake, and low transduction efficiency into the cytosol. Here, we developed a biomimetic nanoparticle platform for systemic and intracellular delivery of proteins. Through a biocompatible strategy, guest proteins are caged in the matrix of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with high efficiency (up to ∼94%) and high loading content up to ∼50 times those achieved by surface conjunction, and the nanoparticles were further decorated with the extracellular vesicle (EV) membrane with an efficiency as high as ∼97%. In vitro and in vivo study manifests that the EV-like nanoparticles can not only protect proteins against protease digestion and evade the immune system clearance but also selectively target homotypic tumor sites and promote tumor cell uptake and autonomous release of the guest protein after internalization. Assisted by biomimetic nanoparticles, intracellular delivery of the bioactive therapeutic protein gelonin significantly inhibits the tumor growth in vivo and increased 14-fold the therapeutic efficacy. Together, our work not only proposes a new concept to construct a biomimetic nanoplatform but also provides a new solution for systemic and intracellular delivery of protein.